Einstein's Theories of Relativity and Gravitation: A selection of material from the essays submitted in the competition for the Eugene Higgins prize of $5,000Bird, J. Malcolm (James Malcolm)
Philosophy
Einstein's Theories of Relativity and Gravitation: A selection of material from the essays submitted in the competition for the Eugene Higgins prize of $5,000
Bird, J. Malcolm (James Malcolm)
Relativity (Physics)
Now the question raised by Einstein is whether the force of gravity,
which we experience as a very real thing, may be put upon a footing
which is in some way analogous to that of the obviously fictitious
centrifugal force cited above: whether gravitation may be regarded as
a figment of our imagination engendered by the way in which we measure
things. He found that it could be so regarded. He went still farther,
and in his Principle of Equivalence, he postulated that the apparent
effects of gravitation in all phenomena could be attributed to the same
change in the system of our measurements that would account for the
ordinary phenomena of gravitation. On the basis of this hypothesis
he was able to deduce for subsequent experimental verification,
the effects of gravitation on light. He did not limit himself to
such simple changes in our measurements as were sufficient to serve
the purpose of the problem of centrifugal force cited above; but,
emboldened by the assumptions, in the older theory of relativity,
of change in standards of length and time on account of motion,
he went even farther than this, and considered the possibility of
change of our measures due to mere proximity to matter.
His problem amounted to an attempt to find some way in which it was
possible to conceive our scales and clocks as altered, relatively to
some more fundamental set, so as to allow of the planetary motions
being uniform and rectilinear with respect to these fundamental
measures, although they appear as they do to us. If we allow our
imaginations perfect freedom as to how the scales may be altered, we
shall not balk at assuming alterations varying in any way we please,
Einstein does, however, introduce restrictions for reasons which we
will now discern.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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