Einstein's Theories of Relativity and Gravitation: A selection of material from the essays submitted in the competition for the Eugene Higgins prize of $5,000Bird, J. Malcolm (James Malcolm)
Philosophy
Einstein's Theories of Relativity and Gravitation: A selection of material from the essays submitted in the competition for the Eugene Higgins prize of $5,000
Bird, J. Malcolm (James Malcolm)
Relativity (Physics)
A great deal can be said in the direction of general comment making the
Special Theory and its surprising accompaniments easier of acceptance,
and we shall conclude the present discussion by saying some of these
things.]* [It has been objected that the various effects catalogued
above are only apparent, due to the finite velocity of light--that
the real shape and size of a body or the real time of an event cannot
be affected by the point of view or the motion of an observer. This
argument would be perfectly valid, if there were real times and
distances; but there are not. These are earth-bound notions, due to
our experience on an apparently motionless platform, with slow-moving
bodies. Under these circumstances different observations of the same
thing or of the same event agree. But when we no longer have the solid
earth to stand on, and are dealing with velocities so high that the
relativity effects become appreciable, there is no standard by which
to resolve the disagreements. No one of the observations can claim
to be nearer reality than any other. To demand the real size of a
thing is to demand a stationary observer or an instantaneous means
of information. Both are impossible.
When relativity asks us to give up our earth-bound notions of absolute
space and absolute time the sensation, at first, is that we have
nothing left to stand on. So must the contemporaries of Columbus have
felt when told that the earth rested on--nothing. The remedy too is
similar. Just as they had to be taught that falling is a local affair,
that the earth is self-contained, and needs no external support--so we
must be taught that space and time standards are local affairs. Each
moving body carries its own space and time standards with it; it is
self-contained. It does not need to reach out for eternal support,
for an absolute space and time that can never quite be attained. All
we ever need to know is the relation of the other fellow's space
and time standards to our own. This is the first thing relativity
teaches us.]141
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