2. _Small appliance circuits_--These are not used for lights, but instead they supply convenience outlets in the kitchen, laundry, and dining areas where portable appliances are most used. Every home should have at least two small-appliance circuits. 3. _Individual or special-purpose circuits_--One of these is needed for each: electric range, dishwasher, water heater, freezer, automatic washer, clothes dryer, air conditioner, pump, and house heating equipment. +----------+------+------+------+------+-------+ | | | | | | | | Actual | | | | | | | Size | | | | | | +----------+------+------+------+------+-------+ | Gauge | | | | | | | Size | 14 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 6 | +----------+------+------+------+------+-------+ | Fuse or | | | | | | | Breaker | 15 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 55 | +----------+------+------+------+------+-------+ |Max. Watts| | | | | | |at 115 V. | 1725 | 2300 | 3450 | 4600 | 6325 | +----------+------+------+------+------+-------+ |Max. Watts| | | | | | |at 230 V. | 3450 | 4600 | 6900 | 9200 | 12750 | +----------+------+------+------+------+-------+ [Illustration: Wire sizes commonly used in homes] Each Circuit Big Enough The capacity of each circuit is limited by the size of its wires. The chart above shows you the actual sizes of wires commonly used in permanent home wiring, and what each will carry. Notice that each size is given a number, and the smaller the number, the bigger the wire. Also notice that a given size of wire will carry twice as many watts at 230 volts as it will at 115 volts. (Watts are figured by multiplying amps times volts.) General purpose circuits usually are either Number 14 or Number 12 wire, at 115 volts. What is the capacity of each, in watts? (Number 12 wire is recommended for all new general purpose circuits.) Small appliance circuits are required to be at least Number 12 wire. Individual circuits are always sized according to the appliance they serve. Find the size wire that should be used for a 10, 000-watt, 230-volt range; a 1500-watt, 115-volt dishwasher; a 4500-watt, 230-volt clothes dryer. ________ ________ ________ Only One Fuse Size Right A fuse in an electrical circuit is like an alert traffic policeman--stopping everything if there's danger. A circuit breaker serves the same purpose, and the right size is installed when the wiring is done. A policeman uses his brain to tell him when to blow his whistle, but a fuse depends on the size of the little fusible (meltable) metal link that you see under the glass.