[47] Aristotle, poet. cap. 18. § 3. says, that anger raiseth in the spectator a similar emotion of anger. [48] See Historical law-tracts, tract 1. [49] Part 5. of the present chapter. [50] Chap. 2. part. 1. sect. 1. first note. [51] Chap. 2. part 1. sect. 4. [52] See the appendix, containing definitions and explanation of terms. [53] See chap. 2. part 1. sect. 1. [54] Longinus observes, that nature inclines us to admire, not a small rivulet, however clear and transparent, but the Nile, the Ister, the Rhine, or still more the ocean. The sight of a small fire produceth no emotion; but we are struck with the boiling furnaces of Ætna, pouring out whole rivers of liquid flame. _Treatise of the Sublime, chap. 29._ [55] Kempfer’s history of Japan, b. 5. ch. 2. [56] Longinus gives a pretty good description of the sublime, though not entirely just in every one of the circumstances, “That the mind is elevated by it, and so sensibly affected as to swell in transport and inward pride, as if what is only heard or read, were its own invention.” But he adheres not to this description. In his 6th chapter he justly observes, that many passions have nothing of the grand, such as grief, fear, pity, which depress the mind instead of raising it. And yet in chapter 8th, he mentions Sappho’s ode upon love as sublime. Beautiful it is undoubtedly, but it cannot be sublime, because it really depresses the mind instead of raising it. His translator Boileau is not more successful in his instances. In his 10th reflection he cites a passage from Demosthenes and another from Herodotus as sublime, which are not so. [57] Kempfer’s history of Japan. [58] _Spectator_, Nº 42 [59] It is justly observed by Addison, that perhaps a man would have been more astonished with the majestic air that appeared in one of Lysippus’s statues of Alexander, though no bigger than the life, than he might have been with Mount Athos, had it been cut into the figure of the hero, according to the proposal of Phidias, with a river in one hand and a city in the other. _Spectator_, Nº 415. [60] Honestum per se esse expetendum indicant pueri, in quibus, ut in speculis, natura cernitur. Quanta studia decertantium sunt! Quanta ipsa certamina! Ut illi efferuntur lætitia, cum vicerunt! Ut pudet victos! Ut se accusari nolunt! Ut cupiunt laudari! Quos illi labores non perferunt, ut æqualium principes sint! _Cicero de finibus._ [61] Spectator, Nº 415. [62] Chap. 8. of the Sublime. [63] Lib. 3. beginning at line 567. [64] _High_, in the old Scotch language, is pronounced _hee_. [65] Herodotus, book 7. [66] Chap. 30. [67] Boileau and Huet. [68] L’art poet. chant 1. l. 68. [69] See chap. 4. [70] See chap. 9. [71] Chap. 1. [72] Chap. 15. [73] See chap. 1. [74] See chap. 2. part 1. sect. 2. [75] See chap. 4. [76] Essays on the principles of morality and natural religion part 2. ess. 6. [77] Hence the Latin names for surprise, _torpor_, _animo stupor_. [78] See chap. 6.