Elements of Criticism, Volume II.Kames, Henry Home, Lord
Philosophy
Elements of Criticism, Volume II.
Kames, Henry Home, Lord
Criticism; Literary style
Thou stand’st unmov’d;
Calm temper sits upon thy beauteous brow;
Thy eyes that flow’d so fast for Edward’s loss,
Gaze unconcern’d upon the ruin round thee,
As if thou hadst resolv’d to brave thy fate,
And triumph in the midst of desolation.
Ha! see, it swells, the liquid crystal rises,
It starts in spight of thee---- but I will catch it,
Nor let the earth be wet with dew so rich.
_Lady Jane Gray, act 4. near the end._
The concluding sentiment is altogether sinical, unsuitable to the
importance of the occasion, and even to the dignity of the passion of
love.
* * * * *
Corneille, in his _Examen of the Cid_[55], answering an objection, that
his sentiments are sometimes too much refined for persons in deep
distress, observes, that if poets did not indulge sentiments more
ingenious or refined than are prompted by passion, their performances
would often be low; and extreme grief would never suggest but
exclamations merely. This is in plain language to assert, That forced
thoughts are more relished than such as are natural, and therefore ought
to be preferred.
* * * * *
The second class is of sentiments that may belong to an ordinary
passion, but are not perfectly concordant with it, as tinctured by a
singular character. In the last act of that excellent comedy, _The
Careless Husband_, Lady Easy, upon Sir Charles’s reformation, is made to
express more violent and turbulent sentiments of joy, than are
consistent with the mildness of her character.
_Lady Easy._ O the soft treasure! O the dear reward of
long-desiring love---- Thus! thus to have you mine, is something
more than happiness, ’tis double life, and madness of abounding
joy.
If the sentiments of a passion ought to be suited to a peculiar
character, it is still more necessary that sentiments devoid of passion
be suited to the character. In the 5th act of the _Drummer_, Addison
makes his gardener act even below the character of an ignorant credulous
rustic: he gives him the behaviour of a gaping idiot.
* * * * *
The following instances are descriptions rather than sentiments, which
compose a third class.
Of this descriptive manner of painting the passions, there is in the
_Hippolytus_ of Euripides, act 5. an illustrious instance, _viz._ the
speech of Theseus, upon hearing of his son’s dismal exit. In Racine’s
tragedy of _Esther_, the Queen hearing of the decree issued against her
people, instead of expressing sentiments suitable to the occasion, turns
her attention upon herself, and describes with accuracy her own
situation.
Juste Ciel? Tout mon sang dans mes veines se glace.
_Act 1. sc. 3._
Again,
_Aman._ C’en est fait. Mon orgueil est forcé de plier,
L’inexorable Aman est reduit a prier.
_Esther, act 3. sc. 5._
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