Elements of metaphysicsTaylor, A. E. (Alfred Edward)
Philosophy
Elements of metaphysics
Taylor, A. E. (Alfred Edward)
Metaphysics
At this point we may observe our metaphysical criterion of reality
coincides with our ethical criterion of moral worth. For in morality too
we esteem one life worthier than another, either for the superior
comprehensiveness of its ideals or for the thoroughness with which they
are wrought into a harmonious whole of coherent purpose. The better man
is either the man of the wider ideal, or again the man of completer and
purer self-devotion to his ideal. And thus for Morality the measure of
our worth, as for Metaphysics the measure of our reality, lies in our
individuality. And for Morality no less than for Metaphysics
individuality is pre-eminently a thing of degrees. In both cases, again,
the same difficulty besets us as soon as we attempt to use our criterion
for application to particular cases. Its two aspects fall apart; it is
not always the more comprehensive ideal which is served with the higher
fidelity of purpose. And so our actual moral judgments on the worth of
particular men, like our metaphysical judgments on the order of reality
to which particular things belong, are often necessarily uncertain and
fluctuating. We rate one man morally high for the comprehensive
rationality of his ideals, though he suffers from a lack of concentrated
energy, another for the steady and earnest purpose with which he follows
what we perhaps deplore as a contracted ideal.
§ 6. One more point of supreme importance concerning the relation of the
lesser individuals to the perfect individual which is the absolute whole
of Reality. Now that we have learned what is meant by degrees of
individuality, we can see that there can, in the last resort, be only
one perfect and complete individual, the whole of Reality itself, and
that the subordinate individuals can never be wholly and entirely
individual in themselves. For to be a complete individual would be, as
we have seen, to be a whole system absolutely self-contained and
explicable solely by reference to internal structure. Whatever requires,
for the full understanding of its systematic character, reference to
existence outside itself, we have seen, must also, so long as it is
considered apart from the rest of existence, be internally wanting in
complete systematic harmony, and thus must fall doubly short of the
ideal of individuality.
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