Elements of metaphysicsTaylor, A. E. (Alfred Edward)
Philosophy
Elements of metaphysics
Taylor, A. E. (Alfred Edward)
Metaphysics
But if we do so, we must bear in mind that there can be here no question
of a thought which works upon and reconstructs into systematic harmony a
body of data originally supplied to it in a relatively unintelligible
and disconnected form from some foreign source, or of a volition which
gradually translates into reality an end or purpose originally present
to it as an unrealised idea. The processes of thought and volition can
clearly have no place in an experience for which the what and the that
are never disjoined; as we shall by and by see more fully, they involve
existence in time, and existence in time can belong only to the finite
and imperfect. Hence it is best, in the interest of intellectual clarity
and candour, to avoid the use of such expressions as knowledge and will
in speaking of the absolute experience; at best they are in large part
metaphorical, and at worst potent weapons of intellectual
dishonesty.[72] The constituents of the system, again, are lesser
experience systems of the same general type, in each of which the nature
of the whole manifests itself, though to different degrees. They are
thus all finite individuals of varying degrees of individuality. The
more comprehensive and the more internally unified by an immanent
principle of teleological structure such a system, the more fully
individual it is, and the more adequately does it reveal the structure
of the all-pervading whole. This is the intellectual justification for
our instinctive belief that what is for our human experience highest and
best is ultimately in the constitution of the universe most completely
real.
_Consult further_:—F. H. Bradley, _Appearance and Reality_, chap. 24,
“Degrees of Truth and Reality”; Plato, _Republic_, vi. 509 ff., with the
commentary in R. L. Nettleship’s _Lectures on Plato’s Republic_, or
Bosanquet’s _Companion to the Republic_.
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Footnote 66:
Not the sum of them, because the systematic whole of Reality is not a
sum but a single experience. To identify it with the _sum_ of its
appearances would be the same error which occurs in Ethics as the
identification of happiness (a qualitative whole) with the sum of
pleasures (a quantitative collection).
Footnote 67:
The reader will find it instructive to observe how Prof. Sidgwick
unconsciously assumes that the distinction between Reality and
Appearance means a distinction between two more or less independent
“worlds” or “things” (_Philosophy: its Scope and Relations_, Lectures
1 and 4), and thus deprives his own criticism of the antithesis of all
validity as against a view like our own.
Footnote 68:
So, again, a velocity which is already infinitesimal may receive an
acceleration which is infinitesimal in relation to the velocity
itself. The reader’s own studies will no doubt furnish him with
numerous other illustrations of the same kind.
Footnote 69:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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