Elements of metaphysicsTaylor, A. E. (Alfred Edward)
Philosophy
Elements of metaphysics
Taylor, A. E. (Alfred Edward)
Metaphysics
The work of the Philosophy of Nature and of Mind only begins where that
of the experimental sciences leaves off. Its data are not particular
facts, as directly amassed by experiment and observation, but the
hypotheses used by experimental science for the co-ordination and
description of those facts. And it examines these hypotheses, not with
the object of modifying their structure so as to include new facts, or
to include the old facts in a simpler form, but purely for the purpose
of estimating their value as an account of ultimately real existence.
Whether the hypotheses are adequate as implements for the calculation of
natural processes is a question which Philosophy, when it understands
its place, leaves entirely to the special sciences; whether they can
claim to be more than useful formulæ for calculation, _i.e._ whether
they give us knowledge of ultimate Reality, is a problem which can only
be dealt with by the science which systematically analyses the meaning
of reality, _i.e._ by Metaphysics. We may perhaps follow the usage of
some recent writers in marking this difference of object by a difference
in terminology, and say that the goal of experimental science is the
Description of facts, the goal of Metaphysics their Interpretation. The
difference of aim is, however, not ultimate. Description of facts, when
once we cease to be content with such description as will subserve the
purpose of calculation and call for description of the fact as it really
is, of itself becomes metaphysical interpretation.
The chief danger against which we must guard in this part of our
metaphysical studies is that of expecting too much from our science. We
could never, of course, hope for such a complete interpretation of facts
as might be possible to omniscience. At most we can only expect to see
in a general way how the physical and again how the psychical order must
be thought of if our view as to the ultimate structure of Reality is
sound. For an exact understanding of the way in which the details of
physical and psychical existence are woven into the all-embracing
pattern of the real, we must not look. And the value of even a general
interpretation will of course depend largely upon our familiarity with
the actual use the various sciences make of their hypotheses. With the
best goodwill in the world we cannot hope to avoid all misapprehensions
in dealing with the concepts of sciences with which we have no practical
familiarity.
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