Elements of metaphysicsTaylor, A. E. (Alfred Edward)
Philosophy
Elements of metaphysics
Taylor, A. E. (Alfred Edward)
Metaphysics
How, then, do we actually learn the existence of feeling purposive
experience outside our own? The answer is obvious. We learn it by the
very same process by which we come to the clear consciousness of
ourselves. It is a pure blunder in the subjectivist psychology to assume
that somehow the fact of my own existence as a centre of experience is a
primitive revelation. It is by the process of putting our purposes into
act that we come to be aware of them as our purposes, as the meaning of
our lives, the secrets of what we want of the world. And, from the very
fact of our existence in a society, every step in the execution of a
purpose or the satisfaction of a want involves the adjustment of our own
purposive acts to those of the other members of our social whole. To
realise your own ends, you have to take note of the partly coincident,
partly conflicting, ends of your social fellows, precisely as you have
to take note of your own. You cannot come to the knowledge of the one
without coming by the same route and in the same degree to the knowledge
of the other. Precisely because our lives and purposes are not
self-contained, self-explaining wholes, we cannot possibly know our own
meaning except in so far as we know the meaning of our immediate
fellows. Self-knowledge, apart from the knowledge of myself as a being
with aims and purposes conditioned by those of like beings in social
relations with myself, is an empty and senseless word.
The recent psychological studies of the part which imitation plays in
all learning make this result still more palpably manifest. For they
reveal the fact that, to an enormous extent, it is by first repeating
without conscious aim of its own the significant purposive acts of
others that a child first comes to behave with conscious significance
itself. It is largely by learning what others mean when they utter a
word or execute a movement that the child comes to know his own meaning
in using the same word or performing the same movement. Thus we may
confidently say that the reality of purposive significant experience
which is not my own is as directly certain as the reality of my own
experience, and that the knowledge of both realities is inevitably
gained together in the process of coming to clear insight into my own
practical aims and interests. The inner experience of my fellows is
indubitably real to the same degree as my own, because the very
existence of my own purposive life is meaningless apart from the equal
existence of theirs.[122]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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