Elements of metaphysicsTaylor, A. E. (Alfred Edward)
Philosophy
Elements of metaphysics
Taylor, A. E. (Alfred Edward)
Metaphysics
The logical consequence of this absorption in the problem of describing
the phenomenal sequence of events, apart from inquiry into their ground,
is that the more thoroughly the task is carried out the more completely
does individuality disappear from the physical order as scientifically
described. Everyday thought looks on the physical order as composed of
interacting things, each of which is a unique individual; current
science, with its insistence on the uniform behaviour of the different
elements of the material world, inevitably dissolves this appearance of
individuality. In the more familiar atomic theories, though the
differences between the behaviour of the atoms of different elements are
still retained as ultimate, the atoms of the same element are commonly
thought of as exact replicas of each other, devoid of all individual
uniqueness of behaviour. And in the attempts of contemporary science to
get behind atomism, and to reduce all material existence to motions in a
homogeneous medium, we see a still more radical consequence of the
exclusive adoption of an attitude of description. Individuality has here
disappeared entirely, except in so far as the origination of
differential motion in a perfectly homogeneous medium remains an
ultimate inexplicability which has to be accepted as a fact, but cannot
be reconciled with the theoretical assumptions which have led to the
insistence upon the homogeneity of the supposed medium.
The logical reason for this progressive elimination of individuality
from scientific descriptions of the processes of the physical order
should now be manifest. If all individuality is that of individual
subjects of experience, it is clear that in disregarding the question of
the metaphysical ground of the physical order we have already in
principle excluded all that gives it individuality from our purview; the
more rigorously logical our procedure in dealing exclusively with the
phenomenal contents of the physical order, the less room is left for any
recognition of an element of individuality within it. Our purpose to
describe the phenomenal logically involves description in purely general
terms. It is only when, in Metaphysics, we seek to convert description
of the phenomenal into interpretation of it as the appearance to sense
of a more ultimate Reality, that the principle of the individuality of
all real existence can come once more to its rights.
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