Elements of metaphysicsTaylor, A. E. (Alfred Edward)
Philosophy
Elements of metaphysics
Taylor, A. E. (Alfred Edward)
Metaphysics
This becomes clearer if we reflect on the grounds which actually warrant
us in assigning position in the _same_ space and the _same_ time to a
number of events. For me A and B are ultimately in the same space when
there is a way of travelling from A to B; they are in the same time when
they belong to different stages in the accomplishment of the same
systematic purposes. Thus in both cases it is ultimately from relation
to an identical system of purposes and interests that different sets of
positions or events belong to one space or one time. The unity of such a
space or time is a pale reflection in abstract form of the unity of a
life of systematic purpose, which is one because it has unique
individual structure. It is in this way, from the individual unity of
the purpose and interests of my ordinary waking life, that I derive the
right to refer its experiences to a single space and time system.
Similarly, it is in virtue of the inclusion of my own and my
fellow-men’s purposes in a wider whole of social systematic purpose that
I can bring the space and time relations of their experience into one
system with my own. And again, the sensible occurrences of the physical
order belong to one space and time with the space and time relations of
human experience, because of the varying ways in which they condition
the development of our own inner purposive life. But there are cases,
even within our own conscious life, where this condition appears to be
absent, and in these cases we do not seem to be able to make
intelligible use of the conception of a single time or a single space.
Take the case of our dreams. The events of my dreams stand in spatial
and temporal relations within the dream itself, but there would be no
sense in asking what are the spatial relations between the places seen
in my dreams and the places marked on the map of England; or what are
again the temporal relations between the events of last night’s dream
and those of this morning, or those of the dreams of last week.
Precisely because there is usually no systematic identity of purpose
connecting the dream with the waking life or with other dreams, the time
and space of the dream have no position with respect to the time and
space system of waking life, nor those of one dream with relation to
those of another.[151] Of course, it may be said that the dream-space
and dream-time are “imaginary,” but the problem cannot be got rid of by
the use of an epithet. To call them imaginary is merely to say that they
are not systematically connected with the time and space of waking life,
not to disprove their genuineness as actual space and time
constructions.
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