_Memoires de Napoleon_. The Memoirs of Napoleon, as dictated by himself to Gourgaud and Montholon, have been translated into English. It is hardly necessary to remark that they contain all the general principles of military art and science. No military man should fail to study them thoroughly. The matter is so condensed, and important principles are embodied in so few words, that they are not easily understood by the ordinary reader, and probably will never be popular with the multitude. _Essai general de Tactique_, par Guibert. A work very popular in its day, but now far less valuable than the writings already mentioned. _Ausfuehrliche Beschreibung der Schlacht des Pirmasens_, von Gravert. Regarded by military men as a valuable historical fragment. _Memoires sur les Campagnes en Espagne_. Souchet. _Memoires de Gouvion St. Cyr._ _Statistique de la Guerre_, par Reveroni St. Cyr. _Premiere Campagnes de la Revolution_, par Grimoard. _Victoires et Conquetes_. Beauvais. _Campagnes de Suwarrow_. Laverne. _Histoire de la Guerre de la Peninsule_. Foy. _Precis des Evenements Militaires_. Mathieu Dumas. _Histoire de Napoleon et de la Grande Armee en 1812_. Segur _Memoires sur la Guerre de 1809_. Pelet. _La Campagne de 1814_. Koch. _Vom Kriege--Die Feldzuegge, &c._ Clausewitz. _La Revolution, le Consulat et l'Empire._ Thiers. _Memoires sur la Guerre de 1812--sur la Campagne du Vice roi en Italie, en 1813 et 1814; Histoire de la Guerre en Allemagne en 1814; Histoire des Campagnes de 1814 et 1815, en France_. Vaudoncourt. _Essai sur l'Art Militaire, &c._ Carion-Nisas. _Histoire de l'Expedition en Russie en 1812_. Chambray. _War in Spain, Portugal, and the South of France_. John Jones. _Peninsular War_. Napier. _Notices of the War of 1812_. Armstrong All the above are works of merit; but none are more valuable to the military man than the military histories of Jomini and Kausler, with their splendid diagrams and maps.] CHAPTER III. FORTIFICATIONS. _Fortifications, or engineering_, may be considered with reference to the defence of states and the grand operation of armies; or with reference to the details of the construction, and attack, and defence of forts, and the influence of field-works on the tactical manoeuvres of armies. It is proposed to speak here only of its general character, as a branch of the military art, without entering into any professional discussion of details. The connection of fortification and strategy may be considered under two distinct heads: 1st, the choice of sites for constructing fortresses for defence; 2d, their influence in offensive operations, and the determination of the question whether they can be passed with safety, or whether the attacking force will be under the necessity of besieging them.