"... it is beyond our power to set forth, with approach to success, the admirable series of reasonings and illustrations by which his positions are established and maintained." M. Janet's signal merit is the clearness and decision which he gives to the main points of his subject, keeping them ever distinctly in view, and strengthening and supplementing them by substantial and conclusive facts, drawn from the best sources, framing, so to say, his idea in time-honored and irrefutable truths. The law of duty thus made clear to the comprehension of the student, cannot fail to fix his attention; and between fixing the attention and striking root, the difference is not very great. C. R. C. TABLE OF CONTENTS. CHAPTER PAGE I.--Preliminary Notions 1 II.--Division of Duties.--General Principles of Social Morality 33 III.--Duties of Justice.--Duties toward Human Life 50 IV.--Duties Concerning the Property of Others 63 V.--Duties toward the Liberty and toward the Honor of Others.--Justice, Distributive and Remunerative.-- Equity 93 VI.--Duties of Charity and Self-Sacrifice 111 VII.--Duties toward the State 139 VIII.--Professional Duties 157 IX.--Duties of Nations among themselves.--International Law 182 X.--Family Duties 190 XI.--Duties toward One's Self.--Duties relative to the Body 223 XII.--Duties relative to External Goods 244 XIII.--Duties relative to the Intellect 260 XIV.--Duties relative to the Will 281 XV.--Religious Morality.--Religious Rights and Duties 299 XVI.--Moral Medicine and Gymnastics 315 Appendix to Chapter VIII 341 ELEMENTS OF MORALS. CHAPTER I. PRELIMINARY NOTIONS. SUMMARY. =Starting point of morals.=--Notions of common sense. =Object and divisions of morals.=--Practical morality and theoretical morality. =Utility of morals.=--Morals are useful: 1, in protecting us against the sophisms which combat them; 2, in fixing principles in the mind; 3, in teaching us to reflect upon the motives of our actions; 4, in preparing us for the difficulties which may arise in practice. =Short résumé of theoretical morality.=--Pleasure and the good.--The useful and the honest.--Duty.--Moral conscience and moral sentiment.--Liberty.--Merit and demerit.--Moral responsibility.--Moral sanction.