1669. Fifth order. _R. fructuariæ._--Here a perfect fruit is developed, which is connate with the calyx--_Asarideæ_, _Passifloreæ_, and _Cucurbitaceæ_. They have apple-like 3-5 ry fruits, and many of them have napiform roots, e. g. the Gichtrüben. They divide into sixteen families. (Vid. Tab. B.) _CLASS VIII._ _Stalk-plants._ 1670. Plants with a predominating development of stalk, leaves narrow, mostly opposite, quaternary corollæ upon the calyx, ovarium multilocular, and containing few seeds. 1671. Here everything, both root and leaf, must be stalk-like in character; the stalk is therefore woody, the root fibrous, the foliage twig-like or narrow, like needles. 1672. This structure is chiefly found in the _Heaths_ and _Stellatæ_. The stalk is mostly woody; the foliage either aciculiform or leathery in texture, and never pinnated. The leaves are either arranged in whorls or opposite, a position which indicates a lower grade of development. Moreover, they are related to the plants of the preceding class; they are either _Epigynous_ or _Perigynous_. The corolla and ovarium follow the opposite position of the leaves; the former being quadripartite, the latter bi-and quaternary. Most of them grow in hot countries upon dry ground, and their virtues reside in the stalk, e. g. the Peruvian bark. 1673. The Stellatæ or Rubiaceæ are without doubt the lowest, because they are epigynous and have a quadri-petalous corolla, with a binary and frequently only follicular ovarium. 1674. First order. _Cauliariæ parenchymatosæ._ The _Stellatæ_ proper along with the _Coffeaceæ_, all of them being two-seeded. 1675. Second order. _C. vaginatæ._ The Rubiaceæ with bilocular many-seeded capsules--_Rondeletiæ_ and _Cinchoneæ_. 1676. Third order. _C. axonales._ _Rubiaceæ_ with fruits--_Guettardidæ_, _Hameliæ_, _Gardeniæ_. 1677. Fourth order. _C. florales._ Quadripetalar Perigynæ, with similar capsules or berries--_Epacrideæ_, _Vacciniaceæ_, _Ericaceæ_. 1678. Fifth order, _C. fructuariæ._ Quaternary Perigynes with fruits--_Myrobalaneæ_, _Olacineæ_, _Diospyroideæ_ and _Sapoteæ_. (For the arrangement of their families vid. Tab. B.) _CLASS IX._ _Leaf-plants._ 1679. Herbs having broad leaves, quinary hypogynous corollæ, and bilocular capsule. Here the whole stem has become leaf; all the parts are soft; they are _herbs_ in the propermost sense of the word. 1680. Here belong the _hypogynous_ Monopetalæ: _Primulaceæ_, _Personatæ_, _Solaneæ_, _Gentianeæ_, _Asclepiadæ_, _Cariceæ_, _Asperifoliæ_, _Sambuceæ_. The roots are fibrous; the stalk herbaceous, being wholly covered, and that indeed with large leaves; calyx and corolla quinquepartite, frequently bilabiate; the germen a bilocular membranous capsule, which seldom becomes fleshy, and contains few seeds. It is these plants which serve chiefly as food for cattle, and whose whole trunk is officinally known under the name of _herbage_; relations which express the leafy character.