[Illustration: FIG. 103.--Types of _Aphanocyclæ_ (_Rhœdinæ_). _A_, plant of blood-root, _Sanguinaria_ (_Papaveraceæ_), × ⅓. _B_, a single flower, × 1. _C_, fruit, × ½. _D_, section of the seed. _em._ embryo, × 2. _E_, diagram of the flower. _F_, flower of Dutchman's breeches, _Dicentra_ (_Fumariaceæ_), × 1. _G_, group of three stamens of the same, × 2. _H_, one of the inner petals, × 2. _I_, fruit of celandine poppy, _Stylophorum_ (_Papaveraceæ_), × ½. _J_, flower of mustard, _Brassica_ (_Cruciferæ_), × 1. _K_, the same, with the petals removed, × 2. _L_, fruit of the same, × 1.] The second family, the fumitories (_Fumariaceæ_) are delicate, smooth plants, with curious flowers and compound leaves. The garden bleeding-heart (_Dicentra spectabilis_) and the pretty, wild _Dicentras_ (Fig. 103, _F_) are familiar to nearly every one. Other examples are the mountain fringe (_Adlumia_), a climbing species, and several species of _Corydalis_, differing mainly from _Dicentra_ in having the corolla one-sided. The mustard family (_Cruciferæ_) comprises by far the greater part of the order. The shepherd's-purse, already studied, belongs here, and may be taken as a type of the family. There is great uniformity in all as regards the flowers, so that the classification is based mainly on differences in the fruit and seeds. Many of the most valuable garden vegetables, as well as a few more or less valuable wild plants, are members of the family, which, however, includes some troublesome weeds. Cabbages, turnips, radishes, with all their varieties, belong here, as well as numerous species of wild cresses. A few like the wall-flower (_Cheiranthus_) and stock (_Matthiola_) are cultivated for ornament. The last family is the caper family (_Capparideæ_), represented by only a few not common plants. The type of the order is _Capparis_, whose pickled flower-buds constitute capers. The fourth order (_Cistifloræ_) of the _Aphanocyclæ_ is a very large one, but the majority of the sixteen families included in it are not represented within our limits. The flowers have the sepals and petals in fives, the stamens either the same or more numerous. [Illustration: FIG. 104.--Types of _Aphanocyclæ_ (_Cistifloræ_). _A_, flower of wild blue violet, _Viola_ (_Violaceæ_), × 1. _B_, the lower petal prolonged behind into a sac or spur, × 1. _C_, the stamens, × 2. _D_, pistil, × 2. _E_, a leaf, × ½. _F_, section of the ovary, × 2. _G_, the fruit, × 1. _H_, the same after it has opened, × 1. _I_, diagram of the flower. _J_, flower of mignonette, _Reseda_ (_Resedaceæ_), × 2. _K_, a petal, × 3. _L_, cross-section of the ovary, × 3. _M_, fruit, × 1. _N_, plant of sundew, _Drosera_ (_Droseraceæ_), × ½. _O_, a leaf that has captured a mosquito, × 2. _P_, flower of another species (_D. filiformis_), × 2. _Q_, cross-section of the ovary, × 4.]