Chapter VIII.—Grenade Warfare: Organization and tactics of grenadiers. Offensive operations. Clearing fire trenches. Clearing communication trenches. Night operations. Grenade patrols. Notes on grenade warfare 86 Chapter IX.—Gas Warfare: Methods of dissemination of gas. Gas helmets, care and use of. Sprayers 105 Chapter X.—Service in the Trenches: Preparations for entering. Inspection of trenches. Tactical dispositions. Going into the trenches. Information routine. Observation field glasses. Snipers. What to fire at. Use of rifle grenades. Scouting and patrolling. Care of arms. Care of trenches. Latrines. Maps. Frost bite. The trench soldier’s creed 114 Chapter XI.—The Attack in Trench Warfare 146 INTRODUCTION This little book has been prepared with a view to placing before the soldier a store of information on the subject of Trench Warfare as it has been developed on the battle fronts of Europe, and giving him some idea of the nature of the service that he will be called upon to perform when the time arrives for him to do his “bit.” The illustrations have been carefully prepared and arranged to the end that the soldier may gain a fair knowledge of the subject from them alone. The text is intended to treat the subject in a purely elementary manner that the soldier may be able to understand. The size of the book is such that it may be conveniently carried in the pocket and referred to as occasion requires. The price has been kept down to the point where it is available to the soldier. If the book assists in his preparation for the front and, by reason of the knowledge that he has gained from it, helps to make him more efficient when he gets there, it will have served its purpose. THE AUTHOR. CHAPTER I Organization The normal organization of an intrenched position includes the following elements from front to rear: 1. In front of the position and at a variable distance from the first line fire trench there is a line of wire entanglements. (See Obstacles, p. 4.) 2. Close up to the wire entanglements there is an intrenched post known as the “listening post,” which is connected with the first line fire trench by a zigzag communicating trench. (See Listening Posts, p. 18.) 3. Then comes the first line fire trench with attached machine-gun emplacements at convenient points. (See Fire Trench and Machine-Gun Emplacements, pp. 24 and 44.) 4. The fire trench is so narrow that lateral communication along it is effected only with difficulty. In order to provide a passageway a communication or supervision trench is provided a few yards in rear of the fire trench. Passageways lead from this communication trench to the fire trench and to the dugouts located along it.