850. Origin of his Family 256 1469. (February 3d.) His Birth 257 His Parentage 257 Nothing known of his Childhood and Education 257 Paul Jovius 257 1494. Machiavelli Secretary under Marcellus Virgil 257 1497. Florence agitated by the Prophet Salvanorola 258 Marcellus Virgil elected High Chancellor 258 1498. Machiavelli made Chancellor of the Second Court 258 Is Secretary of the Council of Ten 259 His Missions to various Sovereigns and States 259 1492. Italy convulsed by foreign Armies and domestic Quarrels 259 Ludovico Sforza invites Charles VIII. of France into Italy, instigating him to assert his Right to the Neapolitan Crown 260 1493. Entrance of the French into Italy; causes great Commotion in Florence; the Overthrow and Exile of the Medicean Family 260 Italy overrun by Charles 260 The Italian System of Warfare 260 1498. Death of Charles VIII. 261 Louis XII. succeeds him; his speedy Conquest of Milan 261 1501. Pisa, under the Rule of Florence, repines at its Servitude; they implore Charles to restore their Independence 261 1500. Pisa besieged by the Florentines 262 Machiavelli and Francesco della Caza employed by the Republic as Envoys to the French Court; curious Style of their Instructions 262 They fail in their Object, and return to Italy 263 Machiavelli, his Mission to Cæsar Borgia 263 Roderigo Borgia chosen Pope; he assumes the Name of Alexander VI. 264 His Character 264 Cæsar Borgia raised to the Rank of Cardinal; his Dislike to the Church 264 His Jealousy of his Brother, the Duke of Candia, whom he causes to be waylaid and murdered 264 He abdicates the Cardinal's Hat, and obtains the Duchy of Valence in France 265 He determines to form the Principality in Italy 265 His Encroachments supported by an Alliance with Louis XII. 265 His Attack on Bologna 266 Revolt of his chief Condottieri 266 Conspiracy of Magione 267 1502.