Bibliography.--See the article in _Dict. of Nat. Biography_ and authorities there collected; _Five Stuart Princesses_, ed. by R.S. Rait (1902); _Briefe der Elizabeth Stuart ... an ... den Kurfürsten Carl Ludwig von der Pfalz_, by A. Wendland (Bibliothek des literarischen Vereins, 228, Stuttgart, 1902); "Elizabeth Stuart," by J.O. Opel, in Sybel's _Historische Zeitschrift_, xxiii. 289; _Thomason Tracts_ (Brit. Mus.), E., 138 (14), 122 (12), 118 (40), 119 (18). Important material regarding the princess exists in the MSS. of the earl of Craven, at Combe Abbey. ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843- ), consort of King Charles I. (q.v.) of Rumania, widely known by her literary name of "Carmen Sylva," was born on the 29th of December 1843. She was the daughter of Prince Hermann of Neuwied. She first met the future king of Rumania at Berlin in 1861, and was married to him on the 15th of November 1869. Her only child, a daughter, died in 1874. In the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 she devoted herself to the care of the wounded, and founded the Order of Elizabeth (a gold cross on a blue ribbon) to reward distinguished service in such work. She fostered the higher education of women in Rumania, and established societies for various charitable objects. Early distinguished by her excellence as a pianist, organist and singer, she also showed considerable ability in painting and illuminating; but a lively poetic imagination led her to the path of literature, and more especially to poetry, folk-lore and ballads. In addition to numerous original works she put into literary form many of the legends current among the Rumanian peasantry.