"Carmen Sylva" wrote with facility in German, Rumanian, French and English. A few of her voluminous writings, which include poems, plays, novels, short stories, essays, collections of aphorisms, &c., may be singled out for special mention. Her earliest publications were _Sappho_ and _Hammerstein_, two poems which appeared at Leipzig in 1880. In 1888 she received the Prix Botta, a prize awarded triennially by the French Academy, for her volume of prose aphorisms _Les Pensées d'une reine_ (Paris, 1882), a German version of which is entitled _Vom Amboss_ (Bonn, 1890). _Cuvinte Sufletesci_, religious meditations in Rumanian (Bucharest, 1888), was also translated into German (Bonn, 1890), under the name of _Seelen-Gespräche_. Several of the works of "Carmen Sylva" were written in collaboration with Mite Kremnitz, one of her maids of honour, who was born at Greifswald in 1857, and married Dr Kremnitz of Bucharest; these were published between 1881 and 1888, in some cases under the pseudonyms _Dito et Idem_, and includes the novel _Aus zwei Welten_ (Leipzig, 1884), _Anna Boleyn_ (Bonn, 1886), a tragedy, _In der Irre_ (Bonn, 1888), a collection of short stories, &c. _Edleen Vaughan, or Paths of Peril_, a novel (London, 1894), and _Sweet Hours_, poems (London, 1904), were written in English. Among the translations made by "Carmen Sylva" are German versions of Pierre Loti's romance _Pêcheur d'Islande_, and of Paul de St Victor's dramatic criticisms _Les Deux Masques_ (Paris, 1881-1884); and in particular _The Bard of the Dimbovitza_, a fine English version by "Carmen Sylva" and Alma Strettell of Helène Vacarescu's collection of Rumanian folk-songs, &c., entitled _Lieder aus dem Dimbovitzathal_ (Bonn, 1889). _The Bard of the Dimbovitza_ was first published in 1891, and was soon reissued and expanded. Translations from the original works of "Carmen Sylva" have appeared in all the principal languages of Europe and in Armenian. See RUMANIA: _History_; also M. Kremnitz, _Carmen Sylva--eine Biographie_ (Leipzig, 1903); and, for a full bibliography, G. Bengescu, _Carmen Sylva--bibliographie et extraits de ses oeuvres_ (Paris, 1904).