This recommendation, however, is not intended to apply to isolated
works of large dimensions, and more particularly to those considered
the key of any position. No labour or expense should be spared to
render such works capable of resisting the most furious assaults,
either by breaking the parapet into flanks, or forming a flank defence
in the ditch; for the experience gained in the Peninsula shows that an
unflanked work of even more than an ordinary field profile, if
skilfully and determinedly assaulted, will generally be carried....
Nor does the serious evil of curtailing the interior space, which
renders breaks in the outline so objectionable in small works, apply
to works of large dimensions.... Under this view the great work on
Monte Agraca (fig. 75) must be considered as very defective, the flank
defence being confined to an occasional break of a few feet in the
trace, caused by a change of direction in the contour of the height,
whilst the interior space is more than doubly sufficient for the
number of its allotted garrison to encamp.
[Illustration: FIG. 75.--Monte Agraca, Torres Vedras.]
_Interior and other Defences._--This work, however, had some of its
salient points ... cut off by earthen lines of parapet, steeply
revetted externally, and so traced as to serve for traverses to the
interior. It had also three or four small enclosed posts formed within
it; and the work at Torres Vedras (fig. 76) had each of its salient
points formed into an independent post. These interior defences and
retrenchments were intended to guard against a general panic amongst
the garrison, which would necessarily be composed in part of
indifferent troops, and also to prevent the loss of the work by the
entry of the assailants at any weak or ill-defended point. Such
interior lines to rally on are absolutely essential to the security of
a large field-work. They serve as substitutes for a blockhouse or
tower, placed in the interior of all well-constructed permanent
earthen works, and merit far more attention than they generally
receive.
[Illustration: FIG. 76.--Torres Vedras Works.]
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