At the time of the Revolution this activity was checked. The religious communities and royal academies were suppressed, and France violently broke with even her most recent past, which was considered to belong to the _ancien regime_. When peace was re-established, she began the task of making good the damage which had been done, but a greater effort was now necessary in order to revive the spirit of the institutions which had been overthrown. The new state, which was, in spite of all, bound by so many ties to the former order of things, seconded this effort, and during the whole of the 19th century, and even longer, had a strong influence on historical production. The section of the Institut de France, which in 1816 assumed the old name of Academie des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres, began to reissue the two series of the _Memoires_ and of the _Notices et extraits des manuscrits tires de la bibliotheque royale_ (the first volume had appeared in 1787); began (1844) that of the _Memoires presentes par divers savants_ and the _Comptes rendus_ (subject index 1857-1900, by G. Ledos, 1906); and continued the _Recueil des historiens de France_, the plan of which was enlarged by degrees (_Historiens des croisades, obituaires, pouilles, comptes_, &c.), the _Ordonnances_ and the _Table chronologique des diplomes_. During the reign of Louis Philippe, the ministry of the interior reorganized the administration of the archives of the departments, communes and hospitals, of which the _Inventaires sommaires_ are a mine of precious information (see the _Rapport au ministre_, by G. Servois, 1902). In 1834 the ministry of public instruction founded a committee, which has been called since 1881 the Comite des Travaux historiques et scientifiques, under the direction of which have been published: (1) the _Collection des documents inedits relatifs a l'histoire de France_ (more than 260 vols. have appeared since 1836); (2) the _Catalogue general des manuscrits des bibliotheques de France_; (3) the _Dictionnaires topographiques_ (25 vols. have appeared); and the _Repertoires archeologiques_ of the French departments (8 vols. between 1861 and 1888); (4) several series of _Bulletins_, the details of which will be found in the _Bibliographie_ of Lasteyrie. At the same time were founded or reorganized, both in Paris and the departments, numerous societies, devoted sometimes partially and sometimes exclusively to history and archaeology; the Academie Celtique (1804), which in 1813 became the Societe des Antiquaires de France (general index by M. Prou, 1894); the Societe de l'Histoire de France (1834); the Societe de l'Ecole des Chartes (1839); the Societe de l'Histoire de Paris et de l'Ile-de-France (1874; four decennial indexes), &c. The details will be found in the excellent _Bibliographie generale des travaux historiques et archeologiques publies par les societes savantes de