Produced by Marius Masi, Don Kretz and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net Transcriber's notes: (1) Numbers following letters (without space) like C2 were originally printed in subscript. Letter subscripts are preceded by an underscore, like C_n. (2) Characters following a carat (^) were printed in superscript. (3) Side-notes were relocated to function as titles of their respective paragraphs. (4) Macrons and breves above letters and dots below letters were not inserted. (5) [root] stands for the root symbol; [alpha], [beta], etc. for greek letters. (6) The following typographical errors have been corrected: AUTHOR LIST: "W. L. F. Walter Lynwood Fleming, M.A., Ph.D." 'M.A.' amended from 'A.M.'. ARTICLE FRANCS-TIREURS: "... and prevented him from gaining information, and that their soldierly qualities improved with experience." 'improved' amended from 'inproved'. ARTICLE FRANKLIN, SIR JOHN: "... (which, as Franklin discovered, was erroneously placed four degrees of latitude too much to the north) ..." 'degrees' amended from 'degress'. ARTICLE FRANKLIN, SIR JOHN: "The alternative course permitted Franklin by his instructions had been attempted but not pursued, and in the autumn of 1846 he had followed that route which was specially commended to him." 'instructions' amended from 'intructions'. ARTICLE FRAUENBURG: "Frauenburg was founded in 1287 and received the rights of a town in 1310." 'Frauenburg' amended from 'Frauenberg'. ARTICLE FREEMAN, EDWARD AUGUSTUS: "Historical and religious sentiment combined with his detestation of all that was tyrannical to inspire him with hatred of the Turk and sympathy with the smaller and subject nationalities of eastern Europe." 'detestation' amended from 'destestation'. ARTICLE FREEMASONRY: "Elias Ashmole (who according to his diary was "made a Free Mason of Warrington with Colonel Henry Mainwaring," seven brethern being named as in attendance at the lodge ..." 'brethern' amended from 'brethen'. ARTICLE FRENCH LANGUAGE: "... perd (perdit) and perde (perdat) being generally distinguished as per and perd, and before a vowel as pert and perd." 'distinguished' amended from 'ditinguished'. ARTICLE FRENCH LANGUAGE: "In Early Old French (as in Provencal) there are two main declensions, the masculine and the feminine; with a few exceptions the former distinguishes nominative and accusative in both numbers, the latter in neither." 'distinguishes' amended from 'ditinguishes'. THE ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA ELEVENTH EDITION