The influence of Greek culture then, was very slight; how little indeed
it penetrated into the oriental mind is shown by the fact that, after
the violent Arab invasion in the south-east corner of the Mediterranean,
the Copts and Syrians were able to retain their language and their
national characteristics, while Greek culture almost completely
disappeared. The one great instance of assimilation of foreign
nationalities by the Greeks is the Hellenizing of the Slavs, who from
the 6th century had migrated into central Greece and the Peloponnese.
All other non-Greek tribes of any importance which came, whether for
longer or for shorter periods, within the sphere of the Eastern empire
and its civilization--such as the Copts, Syrians, Armenians, Georgians,
Rumanians, Serbs, Bulgarians, Albanians--one and all retained their
nationality and language. The complete Latinizing of the West has,
accordingly, no counterpart in a similar Hellenizing of the East. This
is clearly shown during the Byzantine period in the progress of
Christianity. Everywhere in the West, even among the non-Romanized
Anglo-Saxons, Irish and Germans, Latin maintained its position in the
church services and in the other branches of the ecclesiastical system;
down to the Reformation the church remained a complete organic unity. In
the East, at the earliest period of its conversion to Christianity,
several foreign tongues competed with Greek, i.e. Syrian, Coptic,
Armenian, Georgian, Gothic, Old-Bulgarian and others. The sacred books
were translated into these languages and the church services were held
in them and not in Greek. One noticeable effect of this linguistic
division in the church was the formation of various sects and national
churches (cf. the Coptic Nestorians, the Syrian Monophysites, the
Armenian and, in more recent times, the Slavonic national churches). The
Church of the West was characterized by uniformity in language and in
constitution. In the Eastern Church parallel to the multiplicity of
languages developed also a corresponding variety of doctrine and
constitution.
Roman influence.
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