They remained the strongest power in Syria and eastern Asia Minor till well into the first millennium B.C., and their Syrian seat was not lost finally till after the great extension of Assyrian power which took place in the latter part of the 9th century. What had been happening to their Cappadocian province meanwhile we do not yet know; but the presence of Phrygian inscriptions at Euyuk and Tyana, ancient seats of their power, suggests that the client monarchy in the Sangarius valley shook itself free during the early part of the Hittite struggle with Assyria, and in the day of Hatti weakness extended its dominion over the home territory of its former suzerain. "White Syrians," however, were still in Cappadocia even after the Cimmerians had destroyed the Phrygian monarchy, allowing Lydia to become independent under the Mermnad dynasty. Croesus found them centred at Pteria in the 6th century and dealt them a final blow. But much of their secular or religious custom lived on to be recorded by Greek writers, and regarded by modern scholars as typically "Anatolian." BIBLIOGRAPHY.--General summaries: L. Messerschmidt, _The Hittites_ ("Ancient East" series, vi., 1903); A. H. Sayce, _The Hittites_ ("Bypaths of Biblical Knowledge" series, xii., 2nd ed. 1892); G. Perrot and C. Chipiez, _History of Art in Sardinia, Judaea, Syria and Asia Minor_ (Eng. trans., vol. ii., 1890); L. Lantsheere, _De la race et de la langue des Heteens_ (1891); P. Jensen, _Hittiter und Armenier_ (1898); M. Jastrow, final chapter in H. V. Hilprecht, _Exploration in Bible Lands_ (1903); W. Wright, _Empire of the Hittites_ (1884); F. Hommel, _Hettiter und Skythen_ (1898); D. G. Hogarth, _Ionia and the East_ (1909); W. Max Muller, _Asien und Europa_, chap. xxv. (1893). See also authorities for Egyptian and Assyrian history. Inscriptions: L. Messerschmidt, "Corpus inscr. Hettiticarum," _Zeitsch. d. d. morgenland. Gesellschaft_ (1900, 1902, 1906, &c.), and "Bemerkungen zu d. Heth. Inschriften," _Mitteil. d. vorderasiat. Gesellschaft_ (1898); P. Jensen, "Grundlagen fur eine Entzifferung der (Hat. oder) Cilicischen Inschriften," _Zeitschr. d. d. morgenland. Gesellschaft_ (1894); F. E. Peiser, _Die Hettitischen Inschriften_ (1892); A. H. Sayce, "Decipherment of the Hittite Inscriptions," _Proc. Soc. of Bibl. Archaeology_ (1903), and "Hittite Inscriptions, translated and annotated," ibid. (1905, 1907); J. Menant, "Etudes Heteennes," _Recueil de travaux rel. a la philologie, &c._, and _Mem. de l'Acad. Inscr._, vol. xxxiv. (1890); J. Halevy in _Revue semitique_, vol. i. Also divers articles by A. H. Sayce, F. Hommel and others in _Proc._ and _Trans. Soc. Bibl. Arch._ since 1876, and in _Recueil de travaux, &c._, since its beginning.