Exploration: G. Perrot and E. Guillaume, _Exploration arch. de la Galatie_, &c. (1862-1872); E. Chantre, _Mission en Cappadocie_ (1898); Sir W. M. Ramsay, "Syro-Cappadocian Monuments," in _Athen. Mitteilungen_ (1889), with D. G. Hogarth, "Pre-Hellenic Monuments of Cappadocia," in _Recueil de travaux_, &c. (1892-1895); and with Miss Gertrude Bell, _The Thousand and One Churches_ (1909); C. Humann and O. Puchstein, _Reisen in Nord-Syrien_, &c. (1890). J. Garstang in _Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology_, i. (1908) and following numbers. Reports on excavations at Sinjerli in _Berl. Philol. Wochenschrift_ (1891), pp. 803, 951; and F. von Luschan, and others, "Ausgrabungen in Sendschirli" in _Mitteil. Orient-Sammlungen_ (Berlin Museum, 1893 ff.); and on excavations at Boghaz-Keui, H. Winckler in _Orient. Literaturzeitung_ (Berlin, 1907); _Mitteil. Orient-Gesellschaft_ (Dec. 1907). See also s.v. PTERIA. (D. G. H.) FOOTNOTES: [1] First described by the Turk, Hajji Khalifa, in the 17th century; first seen by the Swedish traveller Otter in 1736, and first published in 1840 in Ritter's _Erdkunde_, iii., after a drawing by Major Fischer, made in 1837. [2] The "Niobe" statue near Manisa was not definitely known for "Hittite" till 1882, when G. Dennis detected pictographs near it. [3] The "pseudo-Sesostres" of Herodotus, already demonstrated non-Egyptian by Rosellini. The second figure was unknown, till found by Dr Beddoe in 1856. [4] Five intramural graves were explored at Sinjerli, but whether of the Hittite or of the Assyrian occupation is doubtful. [5] The Assyrian records, as well as the Egyptian, distinguish many peoples in both areas from the Kheta-Khatti; and the most we can infer from these records is that there was an occasional league formed under the Hittites, not any imperial subjection or even a continuous federation. [6] _Pseudo-Hethitische Kunst_ (Berlin, 1890).