The gastropores and dactylopores are arranged in various ways at the
surface, a common pattern being the formation of a cyclosystem (fig.
60), in which a central gastrozoid is surrounded by a ring of
dactylozoids (fig. 61). In such a system the dactylopores may be
confluent with the gastropore, so that the entire cyclosystem presents
itself as a single aperture subdivided by radiating partitions, thus
having a superficial resemblance to a madreporarian coral with its
radiating septa (figs. 62 and 63).
[Illustration: FIG. 62.--Diagrams illustrating the successive stages in
the development of the cyclosystems of the _Stylasteridae_. (After
Moseley.)
1, _Sporadopora dichotoma_.
2, 3, _Allopora nobilis_.
4, _Allopora profunda_.
5, _Allopora miniacea_.
6, _Astylus subviridis_.
7, _Distichopora coccinea_.
s, Style.
dp, Dactylopore.
gp, Gastropore.
b, In fig. 6, inner horseshoe-shaped mouth of gastropore.]
The gastrozoids usually bear short capitate tentacles, four, six or
twelve in number; but in _Astylus_ (fig. 63) they have no tentacles. The
dactylozoids have no mouth; in _Milleporidae_ they have short capitate
tentacles, but lack tentacles in _Stylasteridae_.
The gonosome consists of free medusae in _Milleporidae_, which are
budded from the apex of a dactylozoid in _Millepora murrayi_, but in
other species from the coenosarcal canals. The medusae are produced by
direct budding, without an entocodon in the bud. They are liberated in a
mature condition, and probably live but a short time, merely sufficient
to spread the species. The manubrium bearing the gonads is mouthless,
and the umbrella is without tentacles, sense-organs, velum or radial
canals. In the _Stylasteridae_ sessile gonophores are formed, always by
budding from the coenosarc. In _Distichopora_ the gonophores have radial
canals, but in other genera they are sporosacs with no trace of medusoid
structure.
[Illustration: FIG. 63.--Portion of the corallum of _Astylus subviridis_
(one of the Stylasteridae), showing cyclosystems placed at intervals on
the branches, each with a central gastropore and zone of slit-like
dactylopores. (After Moseley.)]
_Classification._---Two families are known:--
1. _Milleporidae._--Coenosteum massive, irregular in form; pores
scattered irregularly or in cyclosystems, without styles, with
transverse tabulae; free medusae. A single genus, _Millepora_ (figs.
60, 61).
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