Meanwhile the most ardent Jansenists had followed Quesnel to Holland. Here they met with a warm welcome from the Dutch Catholic body, which had always been in close sympathy with Jansenism, although without regarding itself as formally pledged to the _Augustinus_. But it had broken loose from Rome in 1702, and was now organizing itself into an independent church (see UTRECHT). The Jansenists who remained in France had meanwhile fallen on evil days. Persecution usually begets hysteria in its victims; and the more extravagant members of the party were far advanced on the road which leads to apocalyptic prophecy and "speaking with tongues." About 1728 the "miracles of St Médard" became the talk of Paris. This was the cemetery where was buried François de Pâris, a young Jansenist deacon of singularly holy life, and a perfervid opponent of the _Unigenitus_. All sorts of miraculous cures were believed to have been worked at his tomb, until the government closed the cemetery in 1732. This gave rise to the famous epigram: _De par le roi, défense à Dieu De faire miracle en ce lieu._ On the miracles soon followed the rise of the so-called Convulsionaries. These worked themselves up, mainly by the use of frightful self-tortures, into a state of frenzy, in which they prophesied and cured diseases. They were eventually disowned by the more reputable Jansenists, and were severely repressed by the police. But in 1772 they were still important enough for Diderot to enter the field against them. Meanwhile genuine Jansenism survived in many country parsonages and convents, and led to frequent quarrels with the authorities. Only one of its latter-day disciples, however, rose to real eminence; this was the Abbé Henri Grégoire, who played a considerable part in the French Revolution. A few small Jansenist congregations still survive in France; and others have been started in connexion with the Old Catholic Church in Holland. LITERATURE.--For the 17th century see the _Port Royal_ of Sainte-Beuve (5th ed., Paris, 1888) in six volumes. See also H. Reuchlin, _Geschichte von Port Royal_ (2 vols., Hamburg, 1839-1844), and C. Beard, _Port Royal_ (2 vols., London, 1861). No satisfactory Roman Catholic history of the subject exists, though reference may be made to Count Joseph de Maistre's _De l'église gallicane_ (last ed., Lyons, 1881). On the Jansenism of the 18th century no single work exists, though much information will be found in the _Gallican Church_ of Canon Jervis (2 vols., London, 1872). For a series of excellent sketches see also Seche, _Les Derniers Jansénistes_ (3 vols., Paris, 1891). A more detailed list of books bearing on the subject will be found in the 5th volume of the _Cambridge Modern History_; and J. Paquier's _Le Jansénisme_ (Paris, 1909) may also be consulted. (St C.)