This combination of eternal punishment with restless wandering has attracted the imagination of innumerable writers in almost all European tongues. The Wandering Jew has been regarded as a symbolic figure representing the wanderings and sufferings of his race. The Germans have been especially attracted by the legend, which has been made the subject of poems by Schubart, Schreiber, W. Müller, Lenau, Chamisso, Schlegel, Mosen and Koehler, from which enumeration it will be seen that it was a particularly favourite subject with the Romantic school. They were perhaps influenced by the example of Goethe, who in his _Autobiography_ describes, at considerable length, the plan of a poem he had designed on the Wandering Jew. More recently poems have been composed on the subject in German by Adolf Wilbrandt, Fritz Lienhard and others; in English by Robert Buchanan, and in Dutch by H. Heijermans. German novels also exist on the subject, by Franz Horn, Oeklers, Laun and Schucking, tragedies by Klinemann, Haushofer and Zedlitz. Sigismund Heller wrote three cantos on the wanderings of Ahasuerus, while Hans Andersen made of him an "Angel of Doubt." Robert Hamerling even identifies Nero with the Wandering Jew. In France, E. Quinet published a prose epic on the subject in 1833, and Eugène Sue, in his best-known work, _Le Juif errant_ (1844), introduces the Wandering Jew in the prologues of its different sections and associates him with the legend of Herodias. In modern times the subject has been made still more popular by Gustave Doré's elaborate designs (1856), containing some of his most striking and imaginative work. Thus, probably, he suggested Grenier's poem on the subject (1857). In England, besides the ballads in Percy's _Reliques_, William Godwin introduced the idea of an eternal witness of the course of civilization in his _St Leon_ (1799), and his son-in-law Shelley introduces Ahasuerus in his _Queen Mab_. It is doubtful how far Swift derived his idea of the immortal Struldbrugs from the notion of the Wandering Jew. George Croly's _Salathiel_, which appeared anonymously in 1828, gave a highly elaborate turn to the legend; this has been republished under the title _Tarry Thou Till I Come_. BIBLIOGRAPHY.--J. G. Th. Graesse, _Die Sage vom ewigen Juden_ (1844); F. Helbig, _Die Sage vom ewigen Juden_ (1874); G. Paris, _Le Juif errant_ (1881); M. D. Conway, _The Wandering Jew_ (1881); S. Morpugo, _L' Ebreo errante in Italia_ (1891); L. Neubaur, _Die Sage vom ewigen Juden_ (2nd ed., 1893). The recent literary handling of the subject has been dealt with by J. Prost, _Die Sage vom ewigen Juden in der neueren deutschen Literatur_ (1905); T. Kappstein, _Ahasver in der Weltpoesie_ (1905). (J. Ja.)