Historically he appears to have been under the dominance of the
Platonic metaphor of an alphabet of nature, with a consequent belief
in the relatively small number of ultimate principles to be
determined, and of Plato's conception of Division, cleared of its
dialectical associations and used experientially in application to his
own molecular physics. True it is that the rejection of all the
cospecies is a long process, but what if therein their simultaneous or
subsequent determination is helped forward? They, too, must fall to be
determined sometime, and the ideal of science is fully to determine
all the species of the genus. This will need co-operative effort as
described in the account of Solomon's House in the _New Atlantis_.[98]
But once introduce the conception of division of labour as between the
collector of data on the one hand and the expert of method, the
interpreter of nature at headquarters, on the other, and Bacon's
attitude to hypothesis and to negative reasoning is at least in part
explained. The hypothesis of the collector, the man who keeps a
rain-gauge, or the missionary among savages, is to be discounted from
as a source of error. The expert on the other hand may be supposed, in
the case of facts over which he has not himself brooded in the course
of their acquisition, to approach them without any presumption this
way or that. He will, too, have no interest in the isolation of any
one of several co-ordinate inquiries. That Bacon underestimates the
importance of selective and of provisional explanatory hypotheses even
in such fields as that of chemistry, and that technically he is open
to some criticism from the point of view that negative judgment is
derivate as necessarily resting on positive presuppositions, may be
true enough. It seems, however, no less true that the greatness of his
conception of organized common effort in science has but rarely met
with due appreciation.
Forms.
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