Assistant Librarian, British Museum, 1883-1909. Author of _Scandinavia, the Political History of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, 1513-1900_; _The First Romanovs, 1613 to 1725_; _Slavonic Europe, the Political History of Poland and Russia from 1469 to 1796_; &c. Louis I. and II. of Hungary; Malachowski; Margaret, Queen; Martinuzzi; Matthias I., Hunyadi; Matvyeev; Mazepa-Koledinsky. R. P. REINHOLD PAULI. See the biographical article: PAULI, REINHOLD. Lübeck (_in part_). R. P. S. R. PHENÉ SPIERS, F.S.A., F.R.I.B.A. Formerly Master of the Architectural School, Royal Academy, London. Past President of Architectural Association. Associate and Fellow of King's College, London. Corresponding Member of the Institute of France. Editor of Fergusson's _History of Architecture_. Author of _Architecture: East and West_; &c. Manor-House. R. Po. RENÉ POUPARDIN, D. ÈS L. Secretary of the École des Chartes. Honorary Librarian at the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris. Author of _Le Royaume de Provence sous les Carolingiens_; _Recueil des chartes de Saint-Germain_; &c. Lorraine; Louis IV. and V. of France. R. S. C. ROBERT SEYMOUR CONWAY, M.A., D.LITT. (CANTAB.). Professor of Latin and Indo-European Philology in the University of Manchester. Formerly Professor of Latin in University College, Cardiff; and Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Author of _The Italic Dialects_. Mamertini; Marrucini; Marsi. R. T. SIR RICHARD TEMPLE. See the biographical article: TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD. Mahrattas (_in part_). R. We. RICHARD WEBSTER, A.M. (PRINCETON). Formerly Fellow in Classics, Princeton University. Editor of _The Elegies of Maximianus_; &c. Mather, Increase; Mather, Richard. S. A. C. STANLEY ARTHUR COOK, M.A. Lecturer in Hebrew and Syriac, and formerly Fellow, Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Editor for Palestine Exploration Fund. Examiner in Hebrew and Aramaic, London University, 1904-1908. Author of _Glossary of Aramaic Inscriptions_; _The Laws of Moses and the Code of Hammurabi_; _Critical Notes on Old Testament History_; _Religion of Ancient Palestine_; &c. Lot; Manasseh. S. Bi. SHELFORD BIDWELL, M.A., D.SC., F.R.S. (1848-1909). Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Formerly President of the Physical Society and Member of Council of the Royal Society. Magnetism. S. C. SIDNEY COLVIN, LL.D. See the biographical article: COLVIN, SIDNEY. Marcantonio. S. N. SIMON NEWCOMB, LL.D., D.SC. See the biographical article: NEWCOMB, SIMON. Mars: _Planet_. T. As. THOMAS ASHBY, M.A., D.LITT., F.S.A.