_Sulaimanites_ (Suleimanites).--Zaidites, followers of Suleiman ibn Jarir, who held that the appointment to the imamate was a matter of consultation and that the imamates of Abu Bekr and Omar were legal although `Ali had a better claim. _Tha`labites._--A party of the Kharijites, followers of Tha`lab ibn Amir, who agreed with the `Ajarida except that he was friendly with children until they actually denied the faith. He also took alms from slaves when they were rich, and gave alms to poor slaves. _Thaubanites._--Murjiites who said that faith consists in the knowledge and confession of God and His apostle, and what the intellect is not capable of doing. What the intellect can do (or leave) is not of faith. _Thumamites._--Mu`tazilites, followers of Thumama ibn Ashras in the days of Mamun, who taught that all non-Moslems would become dust on the day of resurrection. _Tumanites._--Murjiites who taught that faith depends on obedience rather to the principles than to the commands of Islam. _`Ubaidites._--Murjiites who believed that anything but idolatry might be forgiven, and that if a man died professing the unity of God his sins would not hurt him. _Wa`idites._--Those who, opposed to the Murjiites, pronounced judgment in this life; they are not counted as a separate sect by Shahrastani (see above). _Wasilites._--A name given to those who followed Wasil ibn `Ata, the founder of Mu`tazilitism, who denied the attributes of God, asserted the power of man over his own actions, taught the existence of a middle place between heaven and hell, and despised the parties of Othman and `Ali alike. _Yazidites._--Ibadites who said that they followed the religion of the Sabians in the Koran, and believed that God would send an apostle from the Persians. _Yunusites._--Murjiites who taught that faith consists in knowledge of God, subjection to Him, abandonment of pride before Him, and love in the heart. Obedience apart from knowledge is not of faith. _Zaidites._--The moderate Shi`ites (see SHI`ITES). _Ziyadites._--Kharijites, followers of Ziyad ibn ul-Asfar, who did not regard those who abstained from fighting for Islam as unbelievers, and did not kill the children of idolaters or condemn them to hell. AUTHORITIES.--For the philosophy and theology of Ash`ari see M. A. F. Mehren, _Exposé de la réforme de l'Islamisme par Abou-`l Hasan Ali el-Ash`ari_ (Leiden, 1878); W. Spitta, _Zur Geschichte Abu-l Hasan al-Ash`aris_ (Leipzig, 1876); M. Schreiner, _Zur Geschichte des Ash`aritenthums_ (Leiden, 1891); D. B. Macdonald, _Development of Muslim Theology, Jurisprudence and Constitutional Theory_ (London, 1903). The last work contains translations of the creeds of Ash`ari and Nasafi (Mataridite). A further bibliography of works on the faith and outlook of Islam will be found in D. B. Macdonald's _Muslim Theology_.