The text of the Koran has been edited by G. Flügel, Leipzig, various dates; and by G. M. Redslob, Paris, 1868 and 1880. There are also hundreds of Eastern editions. Concordances have been published by G. Flügel, Leipzig, 1842 (several times reprinted), also in Egypt, Palestine and India. A dictionary and glossary were published by J. Penrice, London, 1873. English translations have been made by G. Sale, London, 1734 (the fullest edition is that with notes by E. M. Wherry, 4 vols., London, 1882-1886); by J. M. Rodwell with notes, London, 1861 and 1876; and by E. H. Palmer in vols, vi. and ix. of the "Sacred Books of the East," Oxford, 1880-1882. Among the best or best-known Arabic commentaries are those of Tabari (q.v.), Zamakhshari (q.v.), Baidhawi (q.v.), the Jalalain (see SUYUTI), and such later ones as the Mafatih ul-Ghaib of ar-Razi (d. 1210). The composition and theology of the Koran are treated in the works of Nöldeke and Grimme referred to above. On the eschatology of Islam see M. Wolff, _Muhammedanische Eschatologie_ (Leipzig, 1872); and on the doctrine of revelation. Otto Pautz, _Muhammeds Lehre von der Offenbarung_ (Leipzig, 1898). (G. W. T.) FOOTNOTES: [1] See also KORAN. [2] Underlined = with interpolations. [3] For the doctrines of these two sects see Shahrastani's _Book of Sects_, and for the Qadarites, A. de Vlieger's _Kitab ul-Qadr, matériaux pour servir à l'étude de la doctrine de la prédestination dans la théologie musulmane_ (Leiden, 1903). [4] For the origin and significance of this number see M. Steinschneider, "Die kanonische Zahl der muhammedanischen Secten und die Symbolik der Zahl, 70-73," _in Zeitschr. d. deutschen morgenl. Gesellschaft_, iv., 145-170 (1850); and I. Goldziher, "Le Denombrement des sectes mohamétanes" in _Revue de l'hist. des religions_, xxvi. 129-137 (1892). [5] The names are given throughout in the anglicized form on the analogy of Shi`ites, which is recognized in common usage. The strict termination according to the scheme of transliteration adopted in this work is _iyya_, or _iya_, e.g. Hishamiyya for Hishamites. For information regarding the important sects see separate articles and the preceding portion of this article. [6] All these names are alternatively spelt Mo- instead of Mu-.