miniature, and the second antennae of the male folding up like a carpenter's rule (fig. 4). On jelly-fishes are to be found species of _Hyperia_ and their kindred, so fat and wholesome that they have been commended to shipwrecked men in open boats as an easily procurable resource against starvation. Many of the Amphipoda are extremely voracious. Some of them are even cannibals. The Cyamidæ afflict the giant whale by nibbling away its skin; the _Chelura terebrans_ is destructive to submerged timber. But, on the other hand, they largely help to clear the sea and other waters of refuse and carrion, and for fishes, seals and whales they are food desirable and often astoundingly copious. From the little flea-like species, scarcely a tenth of an inch long, up to the great and rare but cosmopolitan _Eurythenes gryllus_, Lichtenstein, and the still larger _Alicella gigantea_, Chevreux, nearly half a foot long, captured by the prince of Monaco from a depth of 2936 fathoms, not one of these ubiquitous, uncountable hordes has ever been accused of assailing man. For the naturalist they have the recommendation that many are easy to obtain, that most, apart from the very minute, are easy to handle, and that all, except as to the fleeting colours, are easy to preserve. A nearly complete bibliography of the order down to 1888 will be found in the "_Challenger_" _Reports_, vol. xxviii., and supplementary notices in Della Valle's _Monograph of the Gammarini_ (1893), the scope of his work, however, not covering the Hyperiidea and Oxycephalidae of Bovallius (1889, 1890); but since these dates very numerous additions to the literature have been made by Birula, Bonnier, Norman, Walker and others, especially the _Crustacea of Norway_, vol. i. (_Amphipoda_), Sars (1890-1895), demanding attention, and the quite recent _Amphipoda of the Hirondelle_, Chevreux (1900), and _Hyperiidea of the Plankton-Expedition_, Vosseler (1901). (T. R. R. S.) FOOTNOTE: [1] In Huxley's terminology the first two or three joints of the stem constitute a "protopodite," from which spring the "endopodite" and "exopodite."