Domestic Life.
Until the death of Khadija the Prophet's private life seems to have
been normal and happy, for though the loss of his sons in infancy is
said to have earned him a contemptuous epithet, he was fortunate in
his adoption of Zaid b. Harithah, apparently a prisoner ransomed by
Khadija or one of her relatives, who appears as dutiful almost to
excess and competent in affairs. The marriages of his daughters seem
all to have been happy, with, curiously, the exception of that between
Fatima and Ali. His domestic troubles, to which an unreasonable amount
of space seems to be devoted, even in the Koran, began after the
Migration, when, probably in the main for political reasons, he
instituted a royal harem. One of these political motives was the
principle which long survived, that the conquest of a state was
consummated by possession of the former monarch's wife, or daughter;
another, as has been seen, the desire to obtain the securest possible
hold on his ministers. In his marriage with the daughter of his
arch-enemy Abu Sofian, before the latter's conversion, we can see a
combination of the two. Few, therefore, of these marriages occasioned
scandal; yet public morality seemed to be violated when the Prophet
took to himself the wife of his adopted son Zaid, whose name has in
consequence the honour of mention in the Koran in the revelation which
was delivered in defence of this act. Its purpose was, according to
this, to establish the difference between adoptive and real filiation.
Serious trouble was occasioned by a charge of adultery brought against
the youthful favourite Ayesha, and this had to be refuted by a special
revelation; the charge, which was backed up apparently by Ali, seems
to have been connected with some deeper scheme for causing dissension
between the Prophet and his friends. Yet another revelation is
concerned with a mutiny in the harem organized by Omar's daughter
Hafsa, owing to undue favour shown to a Coptic concubine (Mary, mother
of a son called Ibrahim, who died in infancy; his death was marked by
an eclipse, January 27, 632); and various details of factions within
the harem are told us by Mahomet's biographers.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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