Although the titles which he took were religious in character, and his
office might not be described as sovereignty, his interests appear to
have lain far more in the building up and maintenance of empire than
in ecclesiastical matters. Thus only can we account for the violent
and sudden changes which he introduced into his system, for his
temporary lapse into paganism, and for his ultimate adoption of the
cult of the Black Stone, which, it is said, gave offence to some of
his sincere adherents (e.g. Omar), and seems hard to reconcile with
his tirades against fetish-worship. The same is indicated by his
remarkable doctrine that the utterance of the creed constituted a
Moslem and not its cordial acceptance, and his practice of at times
buying adhesion. Even an historian so favourable to the Prophet as
Prince Caetani recognizes that ultimately what he regarded as most
important was that his subjects should pay their taxes. And in general
his system was not favourable to fanaticism (_al-ghulu fi`l-din_); he
repeatedly gave permission for concealment of faith when the
profession of it was dangerous; he took care to avoid institutions
which, like the Jewish Sabbath, interfered seriously with military
expeditions and the conduct of business, and permitted considerable
irregularity in the matters of prayer and fasting when circumstances
rendered it desirable. In his theory that Koranic texts could be
abrogated he made wise provision against the danger of hasty
legislation, though some of its usefulness was frustrated by his
failure to provide for such abrogation after his death.
Mahomet's Reforms.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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