+------------------+---------------+------------------+------------------+ | | Prakrit | Marathi | Marathi | | | (First | First | Second | | | Conjugation). | Conjugation. | Conjugation. | | +---------------+------------------+------------------+ | Verbal Noun | utthaniam | uth^ane, the act | mar^ane, the act | | | | of rising. | of killing. | | Infinitive | utthium | uthu, to rise. | maru, to kill. | | Present | utthanto, | uthat, uth^ata, | marit, marita, | | Participle | utthantao | rising. | killing. | | Past Participle | utthiallao | uth^ala, risen. | marila, killed. | | Future Participle| utthanaado | uth^anar, about | mar^anar, about | | Active | | to rise. | to kill. | | Future Participle| utthiavvao | uthawa, about | marawa, about | | Passive | | to be risen. | to be killed. | | Conjunctive | utthiu | uthun, having | marun, having | | Participle | | risen. | killed. | +------------------+---------------+------------------+------------------+ The only form that requires notice is that of the conjunctive participle. It is derived from the Apabhrarmsa form _utthiu_, to which the dative suffix _n_ (old Marathi _ni_, _niya_) has been added. Various tenses are formed by adding personal suffixes to the present, past or future passive participle. When the subject of the verb is in the nominative the tense so formed agrees with it in gender, number and person. We may note four such tenses: a present, _uth^ato_, I rise; a past, _uth^alo_, I rose; past conditional, _uth^ato_, had I risen; and a subjunctive, _uthawa_, I should rise. In the present, the terminations are relics of the verb substantive, and in the other tenses of the personal pronouns. In these latter, as there is no pronoun of the third person, the third persons have no termination, but are simply the unmodified participle. We thus get the present and the past conjugated as follows, with a masculine subject:-- +---+----------------------+---------------------+ | | Present, I rise. | Past, I rose. | | +-----------+----------+-----------+---------+ | | Singular. | Plural. | Singular. | Plural. | | +-----------+----------+-----------+---------+ | 1 | uth^ato | uth^ato | uth^alo | uth^alo | | 2 | uth^atos | uth^ata | uth^alas | uth^ala | | 3 | uth^ato | uth^atat | uth^ala | uth^ale | +---+-----------+----------+-----------+---------+