_Conjugation._--In Prakrit (q.v.) the complicated system of Sanskrit conjugation had already disappeared, and all verbs fell into two classes, the first, or _a_-, conjugation, and the second, or _e_-, conjugation, in which the _e_ represents the _aya_ of the Sanskrit tenth conjugation and of causal and denominative verbs. Marathi follows Prakrit in this respect and has two conjugations. The first, corresponding to the Prakrit _a_-class, as a rule consists of intransitive verbs, and the second, corresponding to the _e_- or causal class, of transitive verbs, but there are numerous exceptions. Verbs whose roots end in vowels or in _h_ belong partly to one and partly to the other conjugation. These conjugations differ only in the present and past participles and in the tenses formed from them. Here, in the first conjugation an _a_, and in the second conjugation an _i_, is inserted between the base and the termination. The only original Prakrit tenses which have survived in Marathi are the present and the imperative. The present has lost its original meaning and is now a habitual past. It is also the base of the Marathi future. These three tenses, the habitual past, the imperative and the future, are conjugated as follows. They should be compared with the corresponding forms in the article PRAKRIT. The verb selected is the root _uth_, rise, of the first conjugation. +--------+------------------+-----------------+---------------------+ | | Habitual past | | | | | (old present), | Imperative. | Future. | | Person.| I used to rise. | Let me rise. | I shall rise. | | +--------+---------+-------+---------+----------+----------+ | | Sing. | Plural. | Sing. | Plural. | Sing. | Plural. | +--------+--------+---------+-------+---------+----------+----------+ | 1 | uthe | uthu | uthu | uthu | uthen | uthu | | 2 | uthes | utha | uth | utha | uth^asil | uthal | | 3 | uthe | uthat | utho | uthot | uthel | uth^atil | +--------+--------+---------+-------+---------+----------+----------+ As in Rajasthani, Bihari and the Indo-Aryan language of Nepal (see PAHARI), the future is formed by adding _l_, or in the first person singular _n_, to the old present. In the second person singular the _l_ has been added to a form derived from the Pr. _utthasi_, which is also the origin of the old present _uthes_. Some scholars, however, see in _uthasi_ a derivation of the Prakrit future _utthihisi_, thou shalt arise, and a confusion of the Prakrit present and future is quite possible. The remaining tenses are modern forms derived from the participles. The verbal nouns, participles and infinitives are as follows:--