li., _Q. J. Geol. Soc._ (1895); the Annual Reports on Mauritius issued by the Colonial Office, London; _The Mauritius Almanack_ published yearly at Port Louis. A map of the island in six sheets on the scale of one inch to a mile was issued by the War Office in 1905. (J. Si.*) FOOTNOTES: [1] See _Geog. Journ._ (June 1895), p. 597. [2] The total population of the colony (including dependencies) on the 1st of January 1907 was estimated at 383,206. [3] Labourdonnais is credited by several writers with the introduction of the sugar cane into the island. Leguat, however, mentions it as being cultivated during the Dutch occupation. [4] The régime introduced in 1767 divided the administration between a governor, primarily charged with military matters, and an intendant. MAURY, JEAN SIFFREIN (1746-1817), French cardinal and archbishop of Paris, the son of a poor cobbler, was born on the 26th of June 1746 at Valréas in the Comtat-Venaissin, the district in France which belonged to the pope. His acuteness was observed by the priests of the seminary at Avignon, where he was educated and took orders. He tried his fortune by writing _éloges_ of famous persons, then a favourite practice; and in 1771 his _éloge_ on Fénelon was pronounced next best to Laharpe's by the Academy. The real foundation of his fortunes was the success of a panegyric on St Louis delivered before the Academy in 1772, which caused him to be recommended for an abbacy. In 1777 he published under the title of _Discours choisis_ his panegyrics on Saint Louis, Saint Augustine and Fénelon, his remarks on Bossuet and his _Essai sur l'éloquence de la chaire_, a volume which contains much good criticism, and remains a French classic. The book was often reprinted as _Principes de l'éloquence_. He became a favourite preacher in Paris, and was Lent preacher at court in 1781, when King Louis XVI. said of his sermon: "If the abbé had only said a few words on religion he would have discussed every possible subject." In 1781 he obtained the rich priory of Lyons, near Péronne, and in 1785 he was elected to the Academy, as successor of Lefranc de Pompignan. His morals were as loose as those of his great rival Mirabeau, but he was famed in Paris for his wit and gaiety. In 1789 he was elected a member of the states-general by the clergy of the bailliage of Péronne, and from the first proved to be the most able and persevering defender of the _ancien régime_, although he had drawn up the greater part of the _cahier_ of the clergy of Péronne, which contained a considerable programme of reform. It is said that he attempted to emigrate both in July and in October 1789; but after that time he held firmly to his place, when almost universally deserted by his friends. In the Constituent Assembly he took an active part in every important debate, combating with especial vigour the alienation of the property of the clergy.