First, he gets the number of cu cm in the milk, thus--952.8 (number cu cm in 1 quart) x 2 = 1905.6, number of cu cm in 2 quarts of milk. Second, he gets the weight of his milk in grams--1.032 (number grams in 1 cu cm of milk) x 1905.6 = 1966.57, number of grams in 2 quarts of milk. He now turns to a table of analysis which tells him that milk contains 3 per cent of protein, 3-1/2 per cent of fat, and 4-1/2 per cent of sugar. As the amount of nitrogen in milk is approximately one-sixth of its entire protein, he would now get 16 per cent of the 3 per cent (.16 x .03 = .0048), which is the percentage of nitrogen contained in milk. His next step would be--1966.57 (number grams in 2 quarts of milk) x .0048 = 9.44, the number of grams of nitrogen in 2 quarts of milk. I will not explain the way in which the energy would have to be figured, but will merely give the arithmetical processes by which the result is obtained: 3 × 4.1 = 12.3 3.5 × 9.3 = 32.55 4.5 × 4.1 = 18.45 12.3 + 32.55 + 18.45 = 63.30 1966.57 × 63.30 = 124483.88 124483.88 ÷ 100 = 1244, the No. of calories or energy (heat units) contained in two quarts of milk. THE NEW OR "VIENO" SYSTEM [Sidenote: Derivation of the word Vieno] To a unit of food-energy which is equal to one hundred calories (see last paragraph on "Energy"), I have given the name of _Vieno_, derived from "vital" and "energy," and pronounced _vi-eń-o_. The Vieno system, therefore, will measure all foods by vi-en-os, or units of energy equal to one hundred of the chemist's calories. One vieno of milk is one-sixth of a quart, or two-thirds of an ordinary glass. From this it is readily seen that two quarts of milk will give twelve vienos of energy, or, if we wish to express it in the chemist's term, twelve hundred calories. [Sidenote: How to compute amount of nitrogen in food] The table also states that milk has a nitrogen factor of .8. Therefore, if we wish to know the amount of nitrogen in the two quarts of milk, all we need do is to multiply the number =of= vienos by the nitrogen factor; 12 x .8 = 9.6, which figure represents the nitrogen consumption expressed in grams. (See explanation of fourth column of table.) These results are practically the same as those obtained by the old system of computation, but expressed in simpler terms. Thus we see that the vieno system of computing food values is unique in its simplicity, and will be a very material aid in putting Food Science on a practical basis. NECESSITY FOR A SIMPLE SYSTEM [Sidenote: Neither volume nor weight are correct standards for measuring food values]