Transcriber’s Note Words in italics are marked with _underscores_. Words in small capitals are shown in UPPER CASE. Please see the note at the end of the book, which is preceded by the Index to Volumes I and II, copied from Volume II. ENGLAND UNDER THE ANGEVIN KINGS [Illustration: Publisher’s colophon] ENGLAND UNDER THE ANGEVIN KINGS BY KATE NORGATE IN TWO VOLUMES--VOL. I. WITH MAPS AND PLANS London MACMILLAN AND CO. AND NEW YORK 1887 _All rights reserved_ THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED WITH THE DEEPEST REVERENCE AND GRATITUDE TO THE MEMORY OF MY DEAR AND HONOURED MASTER JOHN RICHARD GREEN PREFACE This attempt to sketch the history of England under the Angevin kings owes its existence to the master whose name I have ventured to place at its beginning. It was undertaken at his suggestion; its progress through those earliest stages which for an inexperienced writer are the hardest of all was directed by his counsels, aided by his criticisms, encouraged by his sympathy; and every step in my work during the past eleven years has but led me to feel more deeply and to prize more highly the constant help of his teaching and his example. Of the book in its finished state he never saw a page. For its faults no one is answerable but myself. I can only hope that, however great may be its errors and its defects, it may yet shew at least some traces of that influence which is so abidingly precious to me. I desire respectfully to express my gratitude to the Lord Bishop of Chester and to Mr. Freeman, who, for the sake of the friend who had commended me to their kindness, have been good enough to help me with information and advice on many occasions during my work. A word of acknowledgement is due for some of the maps and plans. The map of Gaul in the tenth century is founded upon one in Mr. Freeman’s _Norman Conquest_. The plans of Bristol and Lincoln are adapted from those in the _Proceedings of the Archæological Institute_; for Lincoln I was further assisted by the local knowledge kindly placed at my disposal by the Rev. Precentor Venables. For Oxford I have followed the guidance of the Rev. Father F. Goldie, S.J. (_A Bygone Oxford_), and of Mr. J. Parker (_Early History of Oxford_); and for London, that of its historian the Rev. W. J. Loftie, whom I have especially to thank for his help on some points of London topography. My greatest help of all has been the constant personal kindness and ever-ready sympathy of Mrs. Green. To her, as to my dear master himself, I owe and feel a gratitude which cannot be put into words. KATE NORGATE. _January 1887._ CONTENTS CHAPTER I PAGE THE ENGLAND OF HENRY I., 1100–1135 1 CHAPTER II