[114] _Hist. Monast. de Abingdon_ (Stevenson), vol. ii. pp. 15, 284. See also Parker, _Early Hist. Oxf._, p. 219. [115] See lists in Parker as above, pp. 284–286. [116] He founded S. George’s in 1074; Ann. Osen. ad ann. On S. Peter’s see Parker as above, pp. 250–254. [117] _Hist. Abingdon_ (Stevenson), vol. ii. p. 15. [118] See the evidence in Parker’s _Early Hist. of Oxford_, pp. 209, 223, 258–261. [119] Will. Malm. _Gesta Pontif._, l. iv. c. 178 (Hamilton, pp. 315, 316). Dugdale, _Monast. Angl._, vol. ii. pp. 143, 144. The Augustinians came there in 1111, according to the chronicle of Tynemouth, quoted in _Monast._ (as above), p. 143; but the local record in p. 144 gives 1121. [120] Ann. Osen. a. 1129. [121] _Ib._ a. 1133. [122] Charter of Henry II., Stubbs, _Select Charters_, p. 167. [123] Domesday, vol. i. p. 154. [124] Will. Malm. _Gesta Pontif._, l. iv. c. 178 (Hamilton p. 315). [125] “Ad Pascha fuit rex apud Oxineford in novâ aulâ.” Rob. of Torigni, a. 1133. [Illustration: Plan V. LONDON in the XII century. Wagner & Debes’ Geogˡ. Estabᵗ. Leipsic. London, Macmillan & Co. ] Our great picture of medieval London belongs in all its completeness to a somewhat later date; it was painted in the closing years of the twelfth century. But, as in the case of so many other things which only come out into full light under Henry II., although the colouring and the details may belong more especially to his time, the main features were already there in the time of his grandfather. The outline of the city was a sort of irregular half-ellipse, fenced in upon the northern or land side by a girdle of massive walls pierced with gates and fortified with lofty towers; the wall on the south side, being built close upon the river bank, was gradually washed away by the ebb and flow of the tide constantly beating upon its foundations. On this side the river itself was an all-sufficient protection. The eastern extremity of the city, where the wall came down towards the water’s edge, was guarded by a mighty fortress, founded by King William in the earliest days of his conquest to hold his newly-won capital in check, and always known by the emphatic name of “the Tower.” The western end was protected by two lesser fortresses,[126]--Castle Baynard and Montfichet, whose sokes filled up the space between the cathedral precincts and the city wall. Another, which must have stood in the same neighbourhood, seems to have been partly destroyed by the fire which ravaged London a few months before the Conqueror’s death, and in which the cathedral of S. Paul entirely perished.[127] Part of the ditch of this fortress was surrendered by King Henry to make room for a wall with which Bishop Richard was now enclosing his precincts;[128]