English and American tool buildersRoe, Joseph Wickham
History
English and American tool builders
Roe, Joseph Wickham
Industrial arts -- Biography; Machine-tools
It is the editor’s intention to pursue the inquiry and should he
discover a clear theory and systematic practice in the use of the
involute, he shall feel himself bound to give his views to the public
in a separate treatise. He thinks he perceives a wide field, but is
free to confess that his vision is as yet obscure. What he has given
on the involute is more than was due from him, as editor of Camus,
who treated only of the epicycloid, but the zeal of a new convert to
any doctrine is not easily restrained.
So far as the writer knows this is the first _real_ appreciation of the
value of the involute curve for tooth outlines, and Hawkins should be
given a credit which he has not received,[64] especially as he points
the way, for the first time, to the possibility of a set of gears any
one of which will gear correctly with any other of the set. It was
thought at that time that there should be two diameters of describing
circles used in each pair of gears, each equal to the pitch radius of
the opposite wheel or pinion. This gave radial flanks for all teeth,
but made the faces different for each pair. The use of a single size of
describing circle throughout an entire set of cycloidal gears, whereby
they could be made to gear together in any combination, was not known
until a little later.
[64] John Isaac Hawkins was a member of the Institution of Civil
Engineers. He was the son of a watch and clock maker and was born
at Taunton, Somersetshire, in 1772. At an early age he went to the
United States and “entered college at Jersey, Pennsylvania, as
a student of medicine,” but did not follow it up. He was a fine
musician and had a marked aptitude for mechanics. He returned to
England, traveled a great deal on the Continent, and acquired a wide
experience. He was consulted frequently on all kinds of engineering
activities, one of them being the attempt, in 1808, to drive a tunnel
under the Thames. For many years he practiced in London as a patent
agent and consulting engineer. He went to the United States again in
the prosecution of some of his inventions, and died in Elizabeth, N.
J., in 1865. From a Memoir in the “Transactions of the Institution of
Civil Engineers,” Vol. XXV, p. 512. 1865.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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