Produced by Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images available at The Internet Archive) ENGLISH CHURCH ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES ENGLISH CATHEDRALS CANTERBURY--PETERBOROUGH-- DURHAM--SALISBURY--LICHFIELD-- LINCOLN--ELY--WELLS--WINCHESTER-- GLOUCESTER--YORK--LONDON By Mrs. S. VAN RENSSELAER. Illustrated with one hundred and fifty-four Drawings by JOSEPH PENNELL. Also with Plans and Diagrams. Fifth Edition, revised and corrected. Cloth, 20s. net HANDBOOK OF ENGLISH CATHEDRALS By Mrs. S. VAN RENSSELAER. Illustrated with Drawings by JOSEPH PENNELL. Also with Plans and Diagrams. Cloth, 10s. 6d. net T. FISHER UNWIN, LTD., LONDON ENGLISH CHURCH ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES _AN ELEMENTARY HANDBOOK_ _By_ A. FREEMAN SMITH _For many years Art Master and Instructor in all Architectural Subjects in the Municipal School of Art, Birmingham_ WITH TWELVE PLATES T. FISHER UNWIN, LTD. LONDON: ADELPHI TERRACE _First published in 1922._ [_All Rights Reserved_] PREFACE The object of this little work is to give an outline of the leading characteristics of Gothic Architecture, as found in churches of the Middle Ages in England. And it is hoped that it may be found useful to those visiting those noble buildings, whose antiquity and inseparable connection with the history of the country in their growth and development, in addition to the highest purpose for which they were erected by the faithful followers of the Founder of the Christian Faith, entitle them to veneration and careful study in the realms of history, art, and religion. Its purpose as a handbook is to explain the origin and use of some of the forms which are presented to the eye of the visitor to these ancient monuments, not as being the result of caprice, or mere æsthetic motives, but as derived originally from a deep conviction of the living truth which their founders professed, and which they attempted to express in all their constructive work. It is intended that the book may also be found useful as an elementary introduction to the study of Gothic Architecture through the many elaborate and exhaustive treatises which are published on the subject. To such students, literary study should be supplemented by personal acquaintance with buildings recognised as standards of excellence.