_Gold._ Three-pound-piece, crowned profile bust to the waist, with or without sword and olive branch; feathers behind the head; reverse, declaration in three lines. Unit or Broad-piece, bust profile, crowned, much varied on some with drawn sword and olive branch; behind the head XX for value. Reverse: On field, RELIG., etc., on a ribband. Double-crown and Crown, bust profile crowned. Reverse. Shield crowned, CVLTORES. SVI. DEVS. PROTEGIT. Angel same type as its predecessors. _Copper._--Halfpence and Farthings, David playing the harp, looking upward; above, a crown, FLOREAT REX. Reverse: Halfpenny, St. Patrick in full robes, mitered, with crosier, etc., holding to figures around him the shamrock leaf; behind him the arms of Dublin. Farthing, St. Patrick as before, stretching his hand over reptiles; behind him a cathedral; legend, QVIESCAT PLEBS. Other Halfpence, Farthings and Half-farthings have on obverse two sceptres in saltire, behind, a crown, or C. R. crowned. Reverse: Some, the royal rose crowned; others, the Irish harp crowned; and others, again, the Scotch thistle; others, a small pellet of brass inserted in the centre of the rose. _Legend._ Obverse: CAR. CARO. or CAROLVS.--D. G. MAG. BRIT. Reverse: On some, the Scotch motto, NEMO., etc.; others, continuation of titles. OBSIDIONAL or SIEGE PIECES. These rude coins, if coins they can be called, were struck by the king, and those favourable to his cause, to supply that monarch with the necessary funds for carrying on his wars. They are extremely interesting, as showing the various inconveniences and shifts the king was subject to. The nobility and gentry, his partisans, were applied to for the use of all their plate, as were also wardens and fellows of the different colleges in the universities of Oxford, etc., the mayors and corporations, of cities and towns, etc. The plate thus collected was chopped up, for the greatest part, in unmeaning shapes, and struck or engraved with different devices, and the value. The Scarborough Half-crown is a piece of thin plate doubled, the corners turned over to hold together. On one side is engraven in a very rude manner the castle, with the value in numerals; and on the other, OBS. SCARBOROUGH, 1645. The Newark Shilling, which is one of the commonest, is lozenge shaped. Obverse, crown between C. R.; beneath, XII. Reverse, OBS. NEWARK, 1646. Pontefract, sometimes an octagonal, and sometimes a round piece. Obverse, C. R. under a crown; DVM SPIRO SPERO. Reverse, Pontefract Castle, with name or letters. Other places where these were struck were Colchester, Carlisle, Dublin, Cork, etc. At Colchester a gold siege piece of the value of 10s. was struck. A history of the coinage in this reign alone would fill a folio volume. COMMONWEALTH. (1649 to 1660.)