HERAKLES (HERCULES). The head of Herakles, youthful (Fig. 21), or bearded (Fig. 22), is usually covered with the skin of the Nemean Lion. Occasionally, however, he is simply laureate, and sometimes the club at his shoulder is added as a distinctive symbol. On reverses of coins, Herakles is represented performing his various labours, most frequently contending with the Nemean Lion (Fig. 23). Sometimes also he is seen at rest, either standing and leaning upon his club, or seated (Fig. 24). The infant Herakles strangling two serpents is a less frequent type. PAN. The head of Pan (Figs. 25, 26, and 27) has pointed ears, and is either youthful or bearded. Sometimes also he has goat’s horns. At his shoulder on many coins appears the shepherd’s crook (_pedum_). ARES (MARS). The head of Ares is of rare occurrence on coins. He is usually bearded and helmeted, but sometimes young and crowned with laurel like Apollo (Fig. 28), and when thus represented, as on the Mamertine coin here engraved, his name was added in order that there might be no mistake as to whose head was intended. [Illustration: Fig. 26. Pan.] [Illustration: Fig. 27. Pan.] [Illustration: Fig. 28. Ares (Mars).] ASKLEPIOS (ÆSCULAPIUS). Representations of the god of healing belong to a comparatively late period of art. He is bearded, amply draped, and leans upon a staff, round which a serpent twines (Fig. 29). [Illustration: Fig. 29. Asklepios (Æsculapius).] [Illustration: Fig. 30. River Gods.] [Illustration: Fig. 31. River Gods.] He is sometimes accompanied by his daughter _Hygieia_, the goddess of health, or by a small figure enveloped in a cloak and hood, who is called _Telesphorus_, and is supposed to be the genius of convalescence. RIVER GODS. Rivers are represented during the earlier and finer periods of art as rushing bulls or as bulls with human heads (Fig. 30), or again as young male figures with bull’s horns over the forehead (Fig. 31). In the later period the conventional River god is a bearded reclining figure, generally half-draped, resting upon an overturned vase from which a stream of water is flowing (Fig. 32). Less frequently the god is shown as actually swimming in the water. THE DIOSCURI (CASTOR AND POLLUX) wear conical hats, each surmounted by a star (Fig. 33 _a_). Sometimes they are seen standing side by side with palm branches in their hands, but they are more often represented on horseback (Fig. 33 _b_). [Illustration: Fig. 32. A River God.] [Illustration: (_a_) Fig. 33. (_b_) The Dioscuri (Castor and Pollux).] PERSEUS. The head of the hero Perseus (Fig. 34), the slayer of the Gorgon Medusa (Fig. 35), wears a winged helmet, while at his shoulders is sometimes seen the short sword or knife with a hook at the back of the blade (_harba_).