[Illustration: Fig. 34. Perseus.] [Illustration: Fig. 35. Gorgon-Head.] [Illustration: Fig. 36. Hera (Juno).] § THE GODDESSES AS REPRESENTED ON THE COINAGE. HERA (JUNO). The head of Hera on coins usually wears a lofty circular crown (_stephanos_) adorned with floral or other patterns (Figs. 36, 37). She also wears sometimes a crescent-shaped crown and a veil, and has often a sceptre at her shoulder. PALLAS ATHENE (MINERVA). The head of this goddess is helmeted. Sometimes the helmet is of the Corinthian pattern (Fig. 38) and sometimes of the Athenian (Fig. 39), often richly ornamented. [Illustration: Fig. 37. Hera (Juno).] [Illustration: Fig. 38. Pallas Athene.] [Illustration: Fig. 39. Pallas Athene.] She is often seen in a fighting attitude, as _Pallas Promachos_ (Fig. 40), wielding a spear and holding before her a shield or ægis. She is also very frequently seated with a victory in her hand and her shield beside her. The shield of Pallas is usually distinguished by the Gorgon’s head in the centre. The attributes of this goddess are the owl and the olive. [Illustration: Fig. 40. Pallas Athene.] [Illustration: Fig. 41. Demeter.] [Illustration: Fig. 42. Persephone (Proserpine).] DEMETER (CERES) AND PERSEPHONE (PROSERPINE). These two goddesses are known by the corn wreath which they both wear. Demeter, the mother (Fig. 41), is generally veiled; the daughter, Persephone, seldom (Figs. 42, 43). The beautiful head on the well-known Syracusan medallions (see _Frontispiece_), crowned with corn leaves, is that of Persephone. This goddess often has a poppy either in her hair or at her breast. The torch is a frequent emblem, especially of Demeter. [Illustration: Fig. 43. Persephone (Proserpine).] [Illustration: Fig. 44. Artemis (Diana).] [Illustration: Fig. 45. Artemis (Diana).] ARTEMIS (DIANA). As the goddess of Nature in her wilder aspects, Artemis carries a bow, and at her shoulder a quiver of arrows (Figs. 44, 45). She is often accompanied by a dog or a stag. As the Moon goddess, _Selene_, the crescent is her symbol. On late coins of Ephesus she appears under a totally different aspect, viz., as the embodiment of the nourishing, life-giving forces of nature, symbolised by her many breasts. [Illustration: (_a_) Fig. 46. (_b_) Aphrodite (Venus).]