English Dialects From the Eighth Century to the Present DaySkeat, Walter W. (Walter William)
History
English Dialects From the Eighth Century to the Present Day
Skeat, Walter W. (Walter William)
English language -- Dialects
He sang (says Beda) the Creation of the world, the origin of the
human race, and all the history of Genesis; the departure of Israel
out of Egypt and their entrance into the land of promise, with many
other histories from holy writ; the incarnation, passion, and
resurrection of our Lord, and His ascension into heaven; the coming
of the Holy Spirit and the teaching of the Apostles. Likewise of
the terror of the future judgement, the horror of punishment in
hell, and the bliss of the heavenly kingdom he made many poems;
and moreover, many others concerning divine benefits and judgements;
in all which he sought to wean men from the love of sin, and to
stimulate them to the enjoyment and pursuit of good action.
It happens that we still possess some poems which answer more or less
to this description; but they are all of later date and are only known
from copies written in the Southern dialect of Wessex; and, as the
original Northumbrian text has unfortunately perished, we have no
means of knowing to what extent they represent C{ae}dmon's work. It is
possible that they preserve some of it in a more or less close form of
translation, but we cannot verify this possibility. It has been
ascertained, on the other hand, that a certain portion (but by no
means all) of these poems is adapted, with but slight change,
from an original poem written in the Old Saxon of the continent.
Nevertheless, it so happens that a short hymn of nine lines has been
preserved nearly in the original form, as C{ae}dmon dictated it; and it
corresponds closely with Beda's Latin version. It is found at the end
of the Cambridge MS. of Beda's _Historia Ecclesiastica_ in the
following form:
Nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard,
metud{ae}s maecti end his modgidanc,
uerc uuldurfadur; sue he uundra gihuaes,
eci Dryctin, or astelid{ae}.
He aerist scop aelda barnum
heben til hrofe, haleg scepen[d].
Tha middungeard moncynn{ae}s uard,
eci Dryctin, {ae}fter tiad{ae}
firum fold[u], frea allmectig.
I here subjoin a literal translation.
Now ought we to praise the warden of heaven's realm,
the Creator's might and His mind's thought,
the works of the Father of glory; (even) as He, of every wonder,
(being) eternal Ruler, established the beginning.
He first (of all) shaped, for the sons of men,
heaven as (their) roof, (He) the holy Creator.
The middle world (He), mankind's warden,
eternal Ruler, afterwards prepared,
the world for men--(being the) Almighty Lord.
The locality of these lines is easily settled, as we may assign
them to Whitby. Similarly, Beda's Death-song may be assigned to the
county of Durham.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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