Prince Charles (born 29th November 1600, died 30th January 1649) was the second son of James I., and on the death of his brother Henry became heir to the Crown. He was created Prince of Wales on 3rd November 1616, and while holding this rank he often used some of his brother's book-stamps, differentiating them, however, by the addition of his initials "C. P.," and also by the substitution of gold for silver in places where the latter metal had been used by Prince Henry, as, for instance, in the case of the label of the eldest son and the feathers in the Prince of Wales' plumes. As Prince, Charles had a few small books bound for him in red leather, the first instance of its use for English Royal bindings, and towards the end of his reign again he had several fine bindings made for him in the fine red morocco which was so largely used by Samuel Mearne for Charles II. Whether Charles I.'s red bindings were made by Mearne is doubtful, but it is possible that they were. They are quite plain except for the fine coat-of-arms in the centre, and for delicate gold tooling, of Mearne style, in the panels of the back. Charles I. was a patron of the Arts and a man of cultured and literary tastes. The style of binding that is generally associated with his name is of a better order than the semis and heavy corners which marked the bindings made for James I. Many of James I.'s stamps were, however, used by King Charles I., and in a majority of cases it is only by the date of the printing of the book that it is possible to say to which king the volume belonged. There is a tendency for the corner-pieces to become less, and also a tendency to substitute a more distinguished manner with regard to small gold toolings than that of the formal symmetrical repetition so prevalent in the previous reign. [Illustration] CHARLES II., KING OF GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND IRELAND _Arms._--Within the Garter. Quarterly. 1st and 4th grand quarters; France and England quarterly. 2nd grand quarter; Scotland. 3rd grand quarter; Ireland. All as used by James I. (q.v.). _Crest._--A Royal Crown ppr., thereon a lion statant guardant or, crowned ppr. _Helmet._--Royal. _Supporters._--A lion and a unicorn, as used by James I. (q.v.). _Motto._--DIEV ET MON DROIT. _Initials._--C. R. (Carolus Rex). [Reynold's _Works_, 1658.] [Illustration] _Variety._--Without Supporters. [_Common Prayer._ London, 1660.] [Illustration] _Variety._--Within the Garter and without Supporters. [_Paraphrasis in Psalmos Davidis._ Salmurii, 1662.] [Illustration] The Royal name and title abbreviated. "CAR. REX" (Carolus Rex) ensigned with a Royal Crown, and with the motto "DIEV ET MON DROIT." [SANDERSON. _Complete History of the Life and Raigne of King Charles._ London, 1658.]