The Able-bodied (i.) on Outdoor Relief, (ii.) in the Workhouse--Vagrants--Women--Children--The Sick--Persons of Unsound Mind--Defectives--The Aged and Infirm--Non-Residents--The Workhouse--Admission--Segregation--Service--Diet--Cleanliness and Sanitation--Discipline--Employment--Sanctions--Discharge and Detention--The Workhouse of the General Consolidated Order of 1847--The position in 1847 compared with the Principles of 1834. CHAPTER III THE POOR LAW BOARD 88 The Able-bodied--National Uniformity--Municipal Work for the Unemployed--Vagrants--Women--Children--The Sick--Persons of Unsound Mind--Defectives--The Aged and Infirm--Non-Residents--The Workhouse--Emigration--Relief on Loan--Co-operation with Voluntary Agencies--The Position in 1871. CHAPTER IV THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD 147 The Able-bodied--National Uniformity--The Workhouse Test--The Labour Test--The modified Workhouse Test Order--The Test Workhouse--The Provision of Employment--The Farm Colony--Vagrants--Women--Children (i.) on Outdoor Relief; (ii.) in Poor Law Schools; (iii.) the Workhouse Children; (iv.) The Education of the Indoor Pauper Child; (v.) Boarding-out; (vi.) Apprenticeship; (vii.) Adoption--The Sick--Domiciliary Treatment--Institutional Treatment--The Municipal Medical Service--Persons of Unsound Mind--Defectives--The Aged and Infirm--Outdoor Relief--Indoor Relief--Non-Residents--The Workhouse--Emigration--Relief on Loan--Co-operation with Voluntary Agencies. CHAPTER V THE PRINCIPLES OF 1907 257 The Departures from the Principles of 1834--The Principle of National Uniformity--The Principle of Less Eligibility--The Workhouse System--New Principles unknown in 1834--The Principle of Curative Treatment--The Principle of Universal Provision--The Principle of Compulsion--The Contrast between 1834 and 1907--No Man's Land. CHAPTER VI THE MAJORITY REPORT OF THE ROYAL COMMISSION OF 1905-1909 274 The Principles of 1907--The Plea for a Single Destitution Authority-- The Reversion to 1834--The mutual Incompatibility of the Proposals of the Majority Report--The Principle of Curative Treatment and a Destitution Authority--The Principle of Compulsion and a Destitution Authority--The Principle of Universal Provision and a Destitution Authority. CHAPTER VII THE MINORITY REPORT OF THE ROYAL COMMISSION OF 1905-1909 296 The Principle of Prevention--The "Moral Factor" in the Problem of Destitution--The Sphere of Voluntary Agencies in the Prevention of Destitution. CHAPTER VIII SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 312 APPENDIX A 321