English Surnames: Their Sources and SignificationsBardsley, Charles Wareing Endell
History
English Surnames: Their Sources and Significations
Bardsley, Charles Wareing Endell
Names, English; Names, Personal -- English
But we must not wander. In nothing does our nomenclature bequeath us a
more significant record than in that which relates to the isolation of
primitive life. We who live in such remarkable days of locomotive
appliance cannot possibly enter into the difficulties our forefathers
had to encounter in regard to intercommunication. An all but impassable
barrier separated our villages from the larger and distant towns. The
roads, or rather, not to dignify them by such a term, the tracks,[277]
were sometimes scarce to be recognised, everywhere rough and dangerous.
Streams, oftentimes much swollen, must be forded. Where bridges existed
our ‘Bridgers’ and ‘Bridgemans’ took the king’s levy; where none were to
be found our ‘Ferrimans’ rendered their necessary aid. The consequent
difficulties with regard to conveyance were great. The larger of the
county towns carried on but an uncertain and irregular communication,
while the remoter villages were wholly dependent either on the
travelling trader or peddler, or on the great fair, as it came round in
its annual course. What a stock of goods would be laid in by the
bustling wife, and the farmer himself on this latter occasion! Imagine
them starting forth to lay in a supply for a whole year’s wants. No
wonder the good, sound cob and the stout wagon it drew are remembered in
our surnames. Of the importance of the former such names as ‘Horsman,’
if it be not official, and ‘Palfreyman,’ or ‘Palfriman,’ not to mention
‘Asseman,’ are good witnesses. Such entries as ‘Agnes le Horsman,’ or
‘Roger le Palefreyour,’ or ‘John le Palfreyman’ are familiar to every
early register. Our ‘Tranters’ and ‘Traunters’ are but relics of the old
‘Traventer,’ he who let out posthorses. In process of time, however, he
got numbered among the many itinerant peddlers or carriers, of whom I
shall speak shortly. Bishop Hall, in one of his Satires, says—
And had some traunting chapman to his sire,
That trafficked both by water and by fire,
Our ‘Corsers’[278] or ‘Cossers,’ too, little altered from the former ‘le
Corsour,’ represent, as did the obsolete ‘Horsmonger,’ the dealer in
horseflesh. Another branch of this occupation is represented by our
‘Runchemans,’ ‘Runcimans,’ or ‘Runchmans.’ They dealt in hackney-horses,
‘rounce’ or ‘rouncie’ being the then general term for such. Chaucer’s
‘Shipman’ was mounted upon one—
For aught I wot, he was of Dertemouth,
He rode upon a rouncie, as he couthe.
It was, however, a term applied in common to all manner of horses, and
it is quite possible the names given above must be classed simply with
‘Horseman’ and such like. Brunne, in describing Arthur’s Coronation,
mentions among other his gifts—
Good palfreys he gave to clerks
Bows and arrows he gave archers,
Runces good unto squiers.[279]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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